常 偉 潘立平 吳秋靜 宋毅軍△
實驗研究
常 偉1潘立平2吳秋靜1宋毅軍2△
目的研究海馬神經元癲模型中轉染miR-204后對腦源性神經營養因子(BDNF)與TrkB通路調控作用的影響。方法取原代培養7 d后的細胞,分為正常組、正常+BDNF組、癲組、癲+BDNF組、正常轉染miR-204組、癲轉染miR-204組、癲轉染miR-204+BDNF組。癲組用無鎂液處理3 h制作癲模型。制備成功miR-204慢病毒表達載體。采用免疫熒光、膜片鉗及免疫印跡技術鑒定及觀察miR-204對BDNF/TrkB通路表達的影響。結果TrkB蛋白的磷酸化水平:正常+BDNF組高于正常組;癲+BDNF組低于正常+BDNF組,高于癲組;癲+miR-204+BDNF組高于癲+BDNF組和癲+miR-204組。結論BDNF及miR-204可以改善BDNF/TrkB受抑制的狀態,從而在癲疾病的緩解中可能發揮重要作用。
癲;海馬;神經元;受體,trkB;微RNAs;腦源性神經營養因子;miR-204
1.1 實驗動物及分組 清潔級健康SD大鼠雌性10只,雄性2只,先取雌性6只,按比例(雌∶雄為3∶1)與雄性2只合籠飼養,雌性懷孕后取出,將余下4只陸續放入與雄性合籠。取24 h新生大鼠用于實驗。分離大鼠的海馬組織,胰蛋白酶消化完全后置于DMEM/F12培養基終止消化,經過吹打計數接種于培養皿里,孵育箱培養7 d。將原代培養7 d的神經元細胞隨機分為7組:正常組、正常+BDNF組、癲組、癲+BDNF組、正常轉染miR-204組、癲轉染miR-204組、癲轉染miR-204+BDNF組。轉染miR-204組細胞加入慢病毒稀釋液20 μL,加BDNF組均在細胞收集前10 min加入BDNF 2 μL。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 miR-204表達載體構建 用Trizol法及瓊脂糖凝膠電泳提取并鑒定RNA純度和完整性。將其逆轉錄合成cDNA,經PCR擴增并與Lentivector質粒載體雙酶切后水浴連接,用其轉化宿主菌。將包裝質粒導入293T細胞,收集上清液。
1.2.2 MAP2和DAPI雙染免疫熒光鑒定海馬神經元 于6孔板中接種海馬神經元細胞,經多聚甲醛固定、Triton X-100通透后,加入山羊血清封閉液封閉(北京中杉金橋生物技術有限公司),滴加一抗MAP-2單克隆抗體(美國CST公司)及二抗FITC-山羊抗小鼠IgG(美國santacruz公司),DAPI染核,甘油封片,于倒置相差熒光顯微鏡下釆集圖像。
1.2.4 免疫印跡(Western blot)法檢測蛋白表達水平 將7組細胞經細胞裂解液裂解,收集細胞后經超聲離心及與蛋白上樣緩沖液煮沸制備蛋白質樣品。取等量樣品經十二烷基磺酸鈉-聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳(SDS-PAGE)分離,偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)膜轉膜,Western blot封膜液及脫脂奶粉封閉,分別加入TrkB及磷酸化TrkB(p-TrkB)兔抗大鼠多克隆抗體及大鼠抗β-actin單克隆抗體,加入山羊抗兔及山羊抗鼠二抗,采用化學發光檢測系統(Pierce,USA)及SYNGENE ChemGenius系統成像收集數據。
1.3 統計學方法 采用SPSS18.0統計軟件包對數據進行分析。計量資料采用±s表示,Levene方法進行方差齊性檢驗,成組設計2組樣本均數比較用t檢驗,多樣本均數的比較用單因素方差分析,組間多重比較用LSD-t檢驗,檢驗水準α=0.05。
2.1 免疫熒光法鑒定海馬神經元結果 鏡下觀察其神經元純度約60%~70%。且癲狀態的神經元細胞形態與正常組的細胞相比并無明顯改變,見圖1。
Table 1 The frequency and amplitude of cell discharge in control group and epilepsy group表1 正常組和癲組細胞放電的頻率和幅度(±s)

Table 1 The frequency and amplitude of cell discharge in control group and epilepsy group表1 正常組和癲組細胞放電的頻率和幅度(±s)
*P<0.05
組別正常組癲幅度(mV)67.18±1.51 75.76±1.73 10.715*組n66 t頻率(Hz)0.28±0.11 4.41±0.37 20.422*

Figure 2 The cell discharge in control group and epilepsy group圖2 正常組和癲組細胞放電
2.3 Western blot檢測TrkB蛋白的磷酸化水平實驗結果 正常+BDNF組高于正常組;癲+BDNF組低于正常+BDNF組、高于癲組;癲+miR-204+BDNF組高于癲+BDNF組和癲+miR-204組,見表2、圖3。
BDNF和TrkB是所有神經營養因子中唯一一對在時間和空間上協同表達的受體配體復合物。當BDNF與TrkB結合時,受體分子二聚化,其多個氨基酸殘基快速自動磷酸化,磷酸化的轉錄因子移入細胞核并與特定基因的啟動子區結合,啟動轉錄過程[7]。酪氨酸磷酸化的TrkB作為BDNF信號轉導途徑的中介將信號進一步傳遞給下游的銜接蛋白及其相關活性酶,通過水解磷脂酶C(PLCγ)、磷脂酰環己六醇激酶-3(PI3K)、細胞外信號調節激酶(ERK)、促細胞分裂活性蛋白激酶(MAPK)等信號通路激活,通過細胞內Ca2+發揮作用,且調節BDNF、TrkB mRNA的轉化和蛋白向樹突的運輸,從而發揮作用[8-9]。海馬神經元在興奮性毒性損傷前與神經營養蛋白共培養,能夠通過BDNF激活Ras/ERK和PI3-K/Akt通路的神經保護作用[10]。miR-204位于人類9號染色體上,其可以直接與TrkB的3'-UTR結合,通過對TrkB表達的調節,增加神經母細胞瘤的化療藥物耐受[6]。
Table 2 Comparison of the phosphorylation levels of TrkB between seven groups表2 各組海馬神經元TrkB蛋白的磷酸化水平比較(n=6±s)

Table 2 Comparison of the phosphorylation levels of TrkB between seven groups表2 各組海馬神經元TrkB蛋白的磷酸化水平比較(n=6±s)
TrkB蛋白的磷酸化水平以各組p-TrkB/TrkB灰度值與正常組的比值表示
P組別正常組(1)正常+BDNF組(2)癲 組(3)癲+BDNF組(4)正常+miR-204組(5)癲統計學處理組比(1)∶(2)(2)∶(4)(3)∶(4)(4)∶(7)(6)∶(7)<0.001<0.001 0.034<0.001<0.001+miR-204組(6)癲+miR-204+BDNF組(7)F TrkB蛋白的磷酸化水平1 3.09±0.05 0.75±0.11 1.52±0.08 1.34±0.21 1.13±0.13 3.49±0.59 19.123**

Figure 3 Results of Western blot for p-TrkB,TrkB and β-actin in seven groups圖3 各組海馬神經元p-TrkB、TrkB及內參β-actin蛋白Western blot圖
本實驗中,TrkB蛋白的磷酸化水平在正常+BDNF組明顯高于正常組,說明正常狀態下BDNF/TrkB信號通路可以由BDNF的加入而激活。癲+BDNF組高于癲組,說明癲狀態下此信號通路也可由BDNF的加入而激活。癲+BDNF組較正常+BDNF組降低,可能是由于癲狀態下完整型的TrkB表達下降,而縮短型的升高,縮短型的TrkB對完整型的TrkB磷酸化起抑制作用,因此會出現BDNF/TrkB通路受到抑制。癲+miR-204+BDNF組較癲+BDNF組和癲+miR-204組升高,可見在癲狀態下高表達的縮短型TrkB表達下降,進而解除癲中BDNF/TrkB通路的抑制狀態。以上提示癲狀態下縮短型TrkB的顯性抑制效應可以抑制BDNF/TrkB通路活化,而miR-204可以下調縮短型TrkB表達而再次激活BDNF/TrkB通路。

Figure 1 The MAP-2 and DAPI fluorescence staining of control group and epilepsy hippocampal neuron group(×400)圖1 正常組和癲組海馬神經元MAP-2和DAPI熒光染色(×400)
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(2013-10-10收稿 2013-11-18修回)
(本文編輯 閆娟)
The Study of miR-204 Regulates BDNF/TrkB Expression in Epileptic Neurons
CHANG Wei1,PAN Liping2,WU Qiujing1,SONG Yijun2
1 Grade 2007,7-Year Educational System,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300070,China;2 Department of Neurology,General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University
ObjectiveTo study the effect of miR-204 on BDNF/TrkB signaling and pathogenesis on the neuron model of epilepsy.MethodsPrimary hippocampal neurons were cultured in vitro for 7 days,and were divided into control group,control+BDNF group,epilepsy group,epilepsy+BDNF group,control+miR204 group,epilepsy+miR204 group and epilepsy+miR204+BDNF group.The epilepsy model of hippocampal neurons was established by being exposed to Mg2+free media for 3 hours.The miR-204 lentivirus vector was constructed.The effect of miR-204 on BDNF/TrkB expression was detected by immunohistochemistry,patch clamp and Western blot technique.ResultsCompared with the control group,the TrkB phosphorylation level was higher in control+BDNF group.The TrkB phosphorylation level was lower in epilepsy+BDNF group than that of control+BDNF group,but it was higher than that of epilepsy group.The TrkB phosphorylation level was higher in epilepsy+miR204+BDNF group than that of epilepsy+BDNF group and epilepsy+miR204 group.ConclusionBDNF and miR-204 can improve the inhibitory condition of BDNF/TrkB signaling and may play an important role in alleviating epilepsy disease.
epilepsy;hippocampus;neurons;receptor,trkB;microRNAs;brain-derived neurotrophic factor;miR-204
R749.1 【
】 A 【DOI】 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2014.03.007
*國家自然科學基金資助項目(項目編號:91132722、81071044)
1天津醫科大學七年制2007級(郵編300070);2天津醫科大學總醫院神經內科
△通訊作者 E-mail:songyijun2000@gmail.com