英語強調句的用法

尹麗青

強調句的用法一直是初高中英語學習的一個重點。現將英語強調句的用法總結如下。

一、 基本句型

1.陳述句句型：“It is/was +被強調部分+that/who+其他句子成分.”

2.一般疑問句句型：“Is/Was it +被強調部分+that/who+其他句子成分.”

3.特殊疑問句句型：“特殊疑問詞+ is/was it+ that/who+其他句子成分.”

注：被強調部分指人時用that/who， 被強調部分不是指人時用that；現在時范疇內用is， 過去時范疇內用was。

二、強調句的用法

1.基本用法：可以用來強調除謂語以外的其他句子成分。

E.g. I主語 bought a novel賓語 in the bookstore地點狀語 yesterday.時間狀語

It was I who/that bought a book yesterday. （強調主語）

It was a novel that I bought yesterday.（強調賓語）

It was yesterday that I bought a book in the bookstore.（強調時間狀語）

It was in the bookstore that I bought a book yesterday.（強調地點狀語）

2. 強調句的特殊用法：如果需要強調謂語，則可以使用do/does/did加以強調（句中動詞是過去時時用did， 而用do還是does則根據人稱來選擇）。

I did get a lot of help from my friends.

She does know a lot about the UK.

They do like music.

3. 強調句不同句型的用法。

E.g. Lucy主語 visited her grandparents賓語 last month.時間狀語

強調主語：

It was Lucy that/who visited her grandparents last month.

Was it Lucy that/who visited her grandparents last month？

Who was it that visited her grandparents last month？

強調賓語：

It was her grandparents that/who Lucy visited last month.

Was it her grandparents that/who Lucy visited last month？

Who was it that Lucy visited last month？ （為避免和疑問詞who 重復，此處使用that 引導。）

強調時間狀語：

It was last month that Lucy visited her grandparents.

Was it last month that Lucy visited her grandparents？

When was it that Lucy visited her grandparents？

注意：強調句特殊疑問詞的選擇取決于句子中所缺少的成分以及句子的意思。

三、 強調句的常考考點

1. 對引導詞that的考查。

（13天津）It was not until near the end of the letter she mentioned her own plan.

A. that B. where C. why D. when

解析：選A。該句強調時間狀語“not until near the end of the letter”， 所以用that 引導。

2. 和其他從句混在一起考查。

①（11 湖南）Its not what we do once in a while shapes our lives， but what we do consistently.

A. which B. that C. how D. when

解析：選B。該句型含有“not...but”，強調主語從句“what we do once in a while... what we do consistently”。意為：“塑造了我們生活的不是我們偶爾所做的，而是我們堅持所做的。”

②（10 安徽） It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.

A. where B. that C. when D. which

解析：選B。該句的難點在于含有一個定語從句“that she had bought in the village”，強調部分是“a few supplies”。

縱觀近幾年來強調句的考查方式，大多是在比較復雜的句型中來考查。遇到此類題目時，必須學會劃分句子的結構，同時掌握that，who 在引導其他從句時的用法，加以區別，才能以不變應萬變。

（責任編輯 周侯辰）