毛天明 周開宇
[摘要] 目的 探討垂體腺瘤激素水平與手術療效相關性。 方法 分析2002年8月~2014年2月于我院就診的419例垂體腺瘤患者的臨床資料,分別測定術前、術后催乳素和生長激素水平,評估兩種激素水平與手術療效的關系。結果 術前血清PRL水平與垂體泌乳腺瘤術后療效顯著相關(P<0.01),隨著術前血清催乳素水平的增高,患者術后療效更差;而術前血清生長激素水平與垂體生長激素腺瘤術后療效無相關性(P>0.05);術后無殘留的垂體腺瘤患者術后血清催乳素和生長激素較術前顯著降低(P<0.05),而術后有殘留的腺瘤患者血清激素水平變化不顯著(P>0.05),經方差分析,垂體泌乳腺瘤和生長激素腺瘤的兩組患者組間、不同時點以及組間與不同時點的交互作用差異均有統計學意義(P<0.05)。 結論 術前血清PRL水平可作為判斷患者術后療效的指標,臨床上手術切除腫瘤時需盡量避免瘤體殘留。
[關鍵詞] 垂體腺瘤;催乳素;生長激素;激素水平
[中圖分類號] R736.4 [文獻標識碼] B [文章編號] 1673-9701(2014)33-0024-03
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the correlation between the hormone levels and the surgical efficacy of pituitary adenoma. Methods Clinical data of 419 patients with pituitary adenoma treated in our hospital from August 2002 to February 2014 were analyzed and the preoperative and postoperative prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone levels were detected respectively. The correlation between the levels of two kinds of hormones and the surgical efficacy was evaluated. Results The preoperative serum PRL level and the postoperative efficacy of pituitary prolactin adenoma surgery was significantly related (P<0.01); As the preoperative serum PRL increased, the postoperative efficacy worsened. However, the serum growth hormone level and the postoperative efficacy of pituitary growth hormone adenoma surgery was not related (P>0.05). The postoperative serum PRL and growth hormone levels reduced significantly in the patients without postoperative residual (P<0.05), but the serum hormone levels did not change significantly in the patients with postoperative residual (P>0.05). Variance analysis showed that the pituitary prolactin adenoma group and the growth hormone adenoma group were statistically different between groups, at different time points and regarding to the interaction effect of groups and time points (P<0.05). Conclusion Preoperative serum PRL levels can serve as the indicators of determining postoperative efficacy and clinical tumor excision should avoid tumor residual.
[Key words] Pituitary adenoma; Prolactin; Growth hormone; Hormone levels
垂體腺瘤是顱內鞍區常見的腫瘤之一,常發生于垂體前葉、后葉及咽管的上皮細胞。該病臨床癥狀明顯,約占全部顱內腫瘤的10%,多見于女性,好發于青壯年。由于該腫瘤主要由垂體細胞異常增殖引起,而垂體前葉具備分泌催乳激素(PRL)、生長激素(GH)等功能,因此,垂體腺瘤患者顱內激素水平常會發生一定的變化[1]。垂體腺瘤大多數為良性,但少數患者腫瘤呈惡性,惡性腫瘤通常呈侵襲性生長,向周圍組織(如硬腦膜、海綿竇、神經動脈等)浸潤,破壞周圍組織,給臨床治療帶來極大的困難[2,3]。近年來垂體腺瘤發病率呈逐年上升趨勢,在臨床上引起了廣泛的關注[4]。
目前治療垂體腺瘤的主要手段是手術治療,但該病術后易復發,給患者帶來了極大的痛苦。最近,國外相關研究報道,術前激素水平與垂體腺瘤的手術療效密切相關,并且術后短期內激素水平可以預測術后療效[5-7],但國內關于這方面的報道還比較少,相關報道并不充分[8-10]。因此本研究選取2002年8月~2014年2月于我院確診的419例垂體腺瘤患者的臨床資料,分別于術前和術后測定患者血清催乳素和生長激素水平,評估這兩種激素水平與手術療效的關系,擬為垂體瘤患者選取更有效的治療方案和評估患者的預后提供依據。
1 資料與方法
1.1 臨床資料
收集2002年8月~2014年2月期間419例于我院診斷為垂體腺瘤的患者的臨床資料,全部患者均經內分泌檢查和放射檢查,且術后均經病理檢查確診。患者臨床資料完全并且在入院前均未進行過手術或藥物治療,入院后經病理確診PRL腺瘤285例,GH腺瘤134例。其中男198例,女221例,年齡18~75歲,平均(38.15±10.87)歲。
1.2 觀察指標及血清激素的測定方法
觀察比較患者術前、術中及術后1 d、3 d、7 d、15 d和6個月的血清PRL和GH水平。所有患者在入院后第二天清晨空腹采血,血樣的激素水平由我院檢驗科統一采用放射免疫法進行測定。全部患者在術中、術后1 d、3 d、7 d、15 d和6個月時分別再次測定血清PRL和GH水平。
1.3 統計學方法
采用SPSS 17.0統計學軟件進行處理,多變量分析運用Logistic回歸模型進行多因素分析,組內不同時點計量資料比較需要進行方差分析,P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2 結果
2.1垂體泌乳腺瘤的手術療效
2.1.1垂體泌乳腺瘤患者術后療效相關因素Logistic回歸分析 對垂體泌乳腺瘤患者術后療效有影響的因素可能有:性別(男,女)、年齡(0~30歲,30~50歲,50~70歲)、腺瘤直徑(≤2.5 cm,>2.5 cm)、術前血清PRL水平[0~1.0 nmol/L,(1.0~4.5)nmol/L,(4.5~9.0)nmol/L,9.0 nmol/L~]、手術是否全切(是,否)。以上述指標為自變量,采取逐步回歸法,不保留截距,進行Logistic回歸分析。結果如表1所示,腺瘤直徑、術前血清PRL水平和全切與術后療效顯著相關(P<0.01),其中腫瘤直徑和術前PRL水平的β值>0,Exp(β)>1,說明這兩個因素會降低手術治療效果,增加術后復發的風險,手術全切的β<0,Exp(β)<1,說明手術全切可以提高手術療效,降低術后復發的風險。其他因素如性別、年齡與術后療效無顯著相關性(P>0.05),見表1。
2.1.2垂體泌乳腺瘤患者手術前后血清泌乳素濃度的比較 285例泌乳腺瘤患者中行手術治療后,195例患者經CT以及MRI檢查未發現有殘留,90例患者術后CT或MRI發現瘤組織有殘留。術后干凈組患者,術后血清催乳素水平顯著降低(P<0.05),術后存在殘留的患者,術后血清催乳素濃度與術前相比沒有顯著差異(P>0.05)。組間、不同時點以及組間與不同時點的交互作用均有統計學意義(P<0.05),見表2。
2.2垂體生長激素腺瘤的手術療效
2.2.1 生長激素腺瘤術后療效相關因素的logistic回歸分析 對GH腺瘤患者術后療效有影響的主要因素可能有:性別(男,女)、年齡(0~30歲,30~50歲,50~70歲)、腺瘤直徑(<2.5 cm,>2.5 cm)、術前血清GH水平(≥11.5,4.65~11.5,≤4.65 nmol/L)、手術是否全切(是,否)。以上述指標為自變量,采取逐步回歸法,不保留截距,進行Logistic回歸分析。結果如表3所示,腺瘤直徑和全切與GH腺瘤術后療效顯著相關(P<0.01),其中腫瘤直徑的β>0,Exp(β)>1,說明該因素會降低手術治療效果,增加術后復發的風險,手術全切的β<0,Exp(β)<1,說明手術全切可以提高手術療效,降低術后復發的風險。其他因素如性別、年齡與術后療效無顯著相關性(P>0.05)。
2.2.2垂體生長激素腺瘤患者手術前后血清生長激素濃度的比較 134例生長激素腺瘤患者中行手術治療后,70例患者經CT以及MRI檢查未發現有殘留,患者術中、術后血清生長激素濃度顯著低于術前(P<0.05),另有64例患者術后CT或MRI發現瘤組織有殘留,患者術后血清生長激素濃度與術前相比沒有顯著差異(P>0.05)。組間、不同時點以及組間與不同時點的交互作用均有統計學意義(P<0.05),見表4。
3 討論
垂體是人體的一個內分泌器官,生理條件下能夠分泌催乳激素(PRL)、生長激素(GH)等一系列激素,垂體腺瘤常常伴隨著患者體內激素的失調[11-13]。目前垂體腺瘤在臨床的發病人群年齡主要集中在50~70歲,治療方法主要為手術治療。盡管手術技術及條件日趨改善,但患者的術后復發率依舊很高。國外相關研究指出,PRL腺瘤在術后4~5年的復發率可高達33%,提示我們要關注患者的預后[13]。最近,有研究報道,垂體腺瘤患者激素水平與患者術后的短期和長期療效均相關,臨床上可以通過測定患者術前和術后激素水平以評估手術療效以及預后[14],但此方面的研究還比較少,相關研究還不充分[8]。因此,本研究選取2002年8月~2014年2月于我院就診的垂體腺瘤患者419例,探討激素水平與手術療效的相關性,為臨床上評價垂體腺瘤治療效果提供依據。
本實驗結果顯示,對泌乳腺瘤來說,腺瘤直徑、術前血清PRL水平和全切與術后療效顯著相關(P<0.01),而性別、年齡與術后療效無顯著相關性(P>0.05),對GH腺瘤來說,腺瘤直徑和全切與GH腺瘤術后療效顯著相關(P<0.01),而性別、年齡與術后療效無顯著相關性(P>0.05),腫瘤直徑越小,術中選擇全切,可以提高手術療效,考慮原因可能為腫瘤直徑越小,術中全切更能徹底地清除腫瘤組織,術后療效也會更好[15],但本研究并未發現血清生長激素水平與術后療效具有相關性,考慮可能是由于入組病例較少所致。本研究還發現,與術前相比,手術治療后患者血清PRL和GH水平均顯著降低,而手術切除不完全的患者則相應激素下降不明顯,原因可能是由于腺瘤全部切除后,分泌激素的細胞全被清除,激素水平也隨之顯著下降,而切除不完全的患者體內,術后剩余的少量腺瘤細胞增殖指數會顯著增高,腫瘤細胞及組織增長迅速,并釋放大量激素,導致血清激素維持較高水平。因此激素水平可反映手術的切除程度,并反映手術的長期療效[16,17]。提示臨床醫師在行腺瘤切除時要注意切除干凈,從而提高手術的成功率。
總之,本研究認為,激素水平可以反映手術療效并可用于患者的預后判斷,因此動態監測患者的激素水平對垂體腺瘤的綜合治療以及手術療效的評估有重大意義。但考慮到本實驗病例少、觀察時間短,因此需要更大樣本的病例分析以及更長時間的隨訪研究,相信隨著更進一步的研究,激素水平對手術療效的評估以及預后的判斷會更為準確。
[參考文獻]
[1] Chone CT, Sampaio MH,Sakano E,et al. Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenomas:preliminary evaluation of consecutive cases[J]. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol,2014,80(2):146-151.
[2] 魏少波,周定標,張紀,等. 經單鼻孔蝶竇入路切除垂體腺瘤[J]. 中國微侵襲神經外科雜志,2001,6(2):72-75.
[3] Bolanowski M,Zieliński G,Jawiarczyk-Przyby owska A,et al. Interesting coincidence of atypical TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia[J]. Endokrynol Pol,2014, 65(2):144-147.
[4] Gong YY,Liu YY,Yu S,et al. Ursolic acid suppresses growth and adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion in AtT20 cells as a potential agent targeting adrenocorticotrophic hormone-producing pituitary adenoma[J]. Mol Med Rep,2014,9(6):2533-2539.
[5] Vozniak OM. Technical peculiarities of trans-sphenoidal surgical interventions for prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma[J]. Klin Khir,2013,(10): 59-62.
[6] Rasul FT,Jaunmuktane Z,Khan AA,et al. Plurihormonal pituitary adenoma with concomitant adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and growth hormone (GH) secretion:A report of two cases and review of the literature[J]. Acta Neurochir (Wien),2014,156(1): 141-146.
[7] Beck-Peccoz P,Lania A,Beckers A,et al. 2013 European thyroid association guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of thyrotropin-secreting pituitary tumors[J]. Eur Thyroid J,2013, 2(2): 76-82.
[8] 范潤金,任海波,張逵,等. 經鼻蝶竇入路顯微手術治療垂體腺瘤療效分析[J]. 腫瘤預防與治療,2013,26(4):216-219.
[9] Hensley CP,Burlette J. A nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma in a patient with dizziness[J]. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther,2011,41(5):364.
[10] Jain R, Dutta D, Shivaprasad K, et al. Acromegaly presenting as hirsuitism: Uncommon sinister aetiology of a common clinical sign[J]. Indian J Endocrinol Metab,2012,6(Suppl 2):s297-s299.
[11] Aquilina K, Boop FA. Nonneoplastic enlargement of the pituitary gland in children[J]. J Neurosurg Pediatr,2011, 7(5):510-515.
[12] 郭英,李文勝,蔡梅欽,等. 全神經內鏡下經鼻蝶入路手術治療垂體腺瘤72例臨床分析[J]. 中華顯微外科雜志,2012,35(5):364-366, 443.
[13] Bachelot A, Carré N, Mialon O, et al. The permissive role of prolactin as a regulator of luteinizing hormone action in the female mouse ovary and extragonadal tumorigenesis[J]. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,2013,305(7):e845-e852.
[14] Noh S,Kim DS,Kim J,et al. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in endoscopic biopsy: marked pinching artifacts by endoscopy[J]. Brain Tumor Pathol,2011,28(3):285-289.
[15] 馮銘,姚勇,鄧侃,等. 經蝶竇入路垂體腺瘤切除術中腫瘤假包膜的意義[J]. 中華醫學雜志,2013,93(35):2813-2815.
[16] Borgers AJ,Romeijn N,van Someren E,et al. Compression of the optic chiasm is associated with permanent shorter sleep duration in patients with pituitary insufficiency[J]. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf),2011,75(3):347-353.
[17] Tulipano G, Faggi L, Losa M, et al. Effects of AMPK activation and combined treatment with AMPK activators and somatostatin onhormone secretion and cell growth in cultured GH-secreting pituitary tumor cells[J]. Mol Cell Endocrinol,2013,365(2):197-206.
(收稿日期:2014-06-04)
總之,本研究認為,激素水平可以反映手術療效并可用于患者的預后判斷,因此動態監測患者的激素水平對垂體腺瘤的綜合治療以及手術療效的評估有重大意義。但考慮到本實驗病例少、觀察時間短,因此需要更大樣本的病例分析以及更長時間的隨訪研究,相信隨著更進一步的研究,激素水平對手術療效的評估以及預后的判斷會更為準確。
[參考文獻]
[1] Chone CT, Sampaio MH,Sakano E,et al. Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenomas:preliminary evaluation of consecutive cases[J]. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol,2014,80(2):146-151.
[2] 魏少波,周定標,張紀,等. 經單鼻孔蝶竇入路切除垂體腺瘤[J]. 中國微侵襲神經外科雜志,2001,6(2):72-75.
[3] Bolanowski M,Zieliński G,Jawiarczyk-Przyby owska A,et al. Interesting coincidence of atypical TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia[J]. Endokrynol Pol,2014, 65(2):144-147.
[4] Gong YY,Liu YY,Yu S,et al. Ursolic acid suppresses growth and adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion in AtT20 cells as a potential agent targeting adrenocorticotrophic hormone-producing pituitary adenoma[J]. Mol Med Rep,2014,9(6):2533-2539.
[5] Vozniak OM. Technical peculiarities of trans-sphenoidal surgical interventions for prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma[J]. Klin Khir,2013,(10): 59-62.
[6] Rasul FT,Jaunmuktane Z,Khan AA,et al. Plurihormonal pituitary adenoma with concomitant adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and growth hormone (GH) secretion:A report of two cases and review of the literature[J]. Acta Neurochir (Wien),2014,156(1): 141-146.
[7] Beck-Peccoz P,Lania A,Beckers A,et al. 2013 European thyroid association guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of thyrotropin-secreting pituitary tumors[J]. Eur Thyroid J,2013, 2(2): 76-82.
[8] 范潤金,任海波,張逵,等. 經鼻蝶竇入路顯微手術治療垂體腺瘤療效分析[J]. 腫瘤預防與治療,2013,26(4):216-219.
[9] Hensley CP,Burlette J. A nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma in a patient with dizziness[J]. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther,2011,41(5):364.
[10] Jain R, Dutta D, Shivaprasad K, et al. Acromegaly presenting as hirsuitism: Uncommon sinister aetiology of a common clinical sign[J]. Indian J Endocrinol Metab,2012,6(Suppl 2):s297-s299.
[11] Aquilina K, Boop FA. Nonneoplastic enlargement of the pituitary gland in children[J]. J Neurosurg Pediatr,2011, 7(5):510-515.
[12] 郭英,李文勝,蔡梅欽,等. 全神經內鏡下經鼻蝶入路手術治療垂體腺瘤72例臨床分析[J]. 中華顯微外科雜志,2012,35(5):364-366, 443.
[13] Bachelot A, Carré N, Mialon O, et al. The permissive role of prolactin as a regulator of luteinizing hormone action in the female mouse ovary and extragonadal tumorigenesis[J]. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,2013,305(7):e845-e852.
[14] Noh S,Kim DS,Kim J,et al. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in endoscopic biopsy: marked pinching artifacts by endoscopy[J]. Brain Tumor Pathol,2011,28(3):285-289.
[15] 馮銘,姚勇,鄧侃,等. 經蝶竇入路垂體腺瘤切除術中腫瘤假包膜的意義[J]. 中華醫學雜志,2013,93(35):2813-2815.
[16] Borgers AJ,Romeijn N,van Someren E,et al. Compression of the optic chiasm is associated with permanent shorter sleep duration in patients with pituitary insufficiency[J]. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf),2011,75(3):347-353.
[17] Tulipano G, Faggi L, Losa M, et al. Effects of AMPK activation and combined treatment with AMPK activators and somatostatin onhormone secretion and cell growth in cultured GH-secreting pituitary tumor cells[J]. Mol Cell Endocrinol,2013,365(2):197-206.
(收稿日期:2014-06-04)
總之,本研究認為,激素水平可以反映手術療效并可用于患者的預后判斷,因此動態監測患者的激素水平對垂體腺瘤的綜合治療以及手術療效的評估有重大意義。但考慮到本實驗病例少、觀察時間短,因此需要更大樣本的病例分析以及更長時間的隨訪研究,相信隨著更進一步的研究,激素水平對手術療效的評估以及預后的判斷會更為準確。
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(收稿日期:2014-06-04)