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利用RNA干擾技術研究長牡蠣TLR2—2基因對MyD88—2基因表達的影響

2015-01-06 18:14:04李穎翔杜以帥張琳琳李莉張國范
湖北農業科學 2014年12期
關鍵詞:檢測研究

李穎翔+杜以帥+張琳琳+李莉+張國范

摘要:為研究長牡蠣(Crassostrea gigas)免疫基因TLR2-2對MyD88-2基因表達的調控作用,將體外合成的dsRNA注射進入成體長牡蠣體內,72 h后檢測TLR2-2基因和MyD88-2基因的表達量。結果表明,成功地對TLR2-2基因和MyD88-2基因進行了干擾,而在TLR2-2基因被干擾后,MyD88-2基因的表達量顯著下降,但在MyD88基因被干擾的長牡蠣中TLR2-2基因表達量沒有明顯變化。

關鍵詞:RNA干擾;長牡蠣(Crassostrea gigas);TLR2-2基因;MyD88-2基因

中圖分類號:Q786 ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A ? ? ? ?文章編號:0349-8114(2014)12-2860-04

Effects of Inhibition of TLR2-2 Gene by RNA Interference on MyD88-2 Gene in Crassostrea gigas

LI Ying-xiang1,2,DU Yi-shuai1,ZHANG Lin-lin1,LI Li1,ZHANG Guo-fan1

(1.Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071,Shandong,China;

2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039,China)

Abstract:Double strands RNA synthesized in vitro transcription was injected to adult Pacific oysters(Crassostrea gigas), to study the interaction between TLR2-2 and its potential downstream MyD88 gene. The expression of TLR2-2 and MyD88-2 analyzed by qPCR reduced 72 h after injection. Moreover, in oysters where expression of TLR2-2 was inhibited by dsRNA, MyD88-2 was also found down-regulated, while the expression level of TLR2-2 in oysters where MyD88-2 was suppressed was not significant different compared with that of control group.

Key words: RNA interference; Crassostrea gigas; TLR2-2 gene; MyD88-2 gene

由于技術手段的限制,經典的基因功能研究方法(如誘變)在軟體動物中暫時無法得到應用,而RNA干擾技術則成為了軟體動物基因沉默的反向遺傳學研究工具[1]。利用雙鏈RNA(double-stranded RNA,dsRNA)誘導轉錄后的基因沉默也是一種應用非常普遍的技術手段。在細胞中,dsRNA可以被Dicer酶切割成約21~23 bp的雙鏈RNA片段,即siRNA(small interference RNA),siRNA整合到沉默復合體(RNA-induced silencing complex, RISC),引導復合體中的酶切割目標基因的mRNA,從而達到使目標基因沉默[2-5];在脊椎動物中,dsRNA已經被證明可以特異性地抑制目標基因的表達;而在軟體動物中,尤其是雙殼貝類,雖然已經有研究在日本珍珠貝、櫛孔扇貝等物種中利用dsRNA成功實現目標基因沉默[6-8],但整體上,在雙殼貝類中RNA干擾技術的應用還遠遠滯后于脊椎動物。

Toll-like receptor(TLR)家族參與的信號通路是天然免疫系統中非常重要的通路,其中TLR家族能夠作為模式識別受體(Pattern recognition receptor,PRRs)參與入侵微生物或病原體的識別并激活免疫反應。研究表明,MyD88(Myeloid differentiation factor 88)可以通過其TIR結構域參與到該信號通路來闡明TLR信號通路。本研究通過在長牡蠣中對TLR2-2基因和MyD88-2基因進行dsRNA干擾,研究了長牡蠣天然免疫中TLR2-2基因與MyD88-2基因的上下游調控關系,為長牡蠣天然免疫的深入研究提供了參考,也為RNA干擾技術在雙殼貝類的應用提供了借鑒。

1 ? 材料與方法

1.1 ?材料

1.1.1 ?試驗材料 ?長牡蠣取自山東省青島市膠南海域,選擇大小一致、健康的個體,試驗前于海水培養箱中暫養1周,每天換水。

1.1.2 ?主要試劑 ?Trizol購自Invitrogen公司;PrimeScript RT Reagent Kit With gDNA Eraser和SYBR Premix Ex Taq酶購自寶生物工程(大連)有限公司;氨芐青霉素、卡那霉素、LB培養基、膠回收試劑盒和質粒提取試劑盒購自生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;Revert Aid First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit、Transcript Aid T7 High Yield Transcription Kit購自Fermentas公司,其他試劑購自國藥集團化學試劑有限公司。endprint

1.1.3 ?主要儀器 ? 7500 Fast型熒光定量PCR儀(Applied Biosystems公司),高速冷凍離心機、Nanodrop 2000超微量分光光度計(ThermoFisher公司),普通PCR儀(BIOER公司),冰箱、超低溫冰箱、微量可調移液器、恒溫搖床、高壓鍋、制冰機、水浴鍋和超凈工作臺等。

1.2 ?方法

1.2.1 ?引物的設計 ?PCR所用的引物根據GenBank中長牡蠣TLR2-2基因(OYG_10012212)和MyD88-2基因(Accession No. KC155822.1)序列設計,EF-1α(Elongation Factor-1α)基因為內參基因,具體序列見表1。

1.2.2 ?dsRNA的制備 ? 剖取大小一致、健康的長牡蠣鰓組織,以Trizol法提取總RNA,反轉錄后得到cDNA。以cDNA為模版,用5′端帶T7啟動子的引物進行擴增,PCR擴增片段連接pMD 19-T載體并轉化大腸桿菌DH5α。挑取菌落進行PCR,選取陽性克隆對應的剩余菌液擴大培養并測序。根據測序結果,提取的質粒即為雙鏈RNA體外轉錄的模版。體外轉錄模版,利用T7體外轉錄試劑盒,按照試劑盒提供步驟進行操作,即可獲取dsRNA。

將獲得的dsRNA以瓊脂糖凝膠電泳檢測其純度;用Nanodrop 2 000超微量分光光度計測量濃度和RNA純度;同時用RNase A和DNase I兩種酶檢測產物的質量。用RNase A和DNase I進行檢測時,按照試劑說明書,將轉錄產物分別與RNase A以1∶1的比例,與DNase I以1∶4的比例一起在37 ℃孵育30 min,孵育后電泳檢測。

1.2.3 ?dsRNA的注射及取樣 ? 將體外轉錄合成的dsRNA溶解于滅菌的PBS緩沖液中,使其終濃度為1 μg/μL。從暫養1周后的長牡蠣中選取健康個體48只,隨機分為4組,分別標記為空白對照組、PBS對照組、TLR干擾組和MyD88干擾組,每組單獨置于一個養殖桶中。TLR干擾組和MyD88干擾組每只分別注射100 μL其對應的dsRNA,PBS對照組每只注射100 μL的PBS緩沖液,空白對照組不做處理。注射后72 h進行血細胞樣品的取樣,提取總RNA,用于檢測目的基因表達量。

1.2.4 ?目的基因表達量的檢測 ? 基因表達量的檢測通過實時熒光定量PCR進行。以Trizol法提取總RNA,以Nanodrop 2000超微量分光光度計和瓊脂糖凝膠電泳檢測RNA的濃度和純度。反轉錄合成cDNA,以cDNA為模版,進行實時熒光定量PCR反應。反應體系為20 μL,PCR擴增程序為95 ℃預變性30 s;95 ℃變性5 s,60 ℃退火30 s,40個循環。以Elongation Factor-1α(EF-1α)基因為內參基因,數據分析采用2-ΔΔCt法。

2 ? 結果與分析

2.1 ? dsRNA的制備與檢測

以Nanodrop 2000超微量分光光度計檢測合成的dsRNA的純度,發現A260 nm/280 nm為1.9,產量為120 μg/個轉錄反應(20 μL)。同時瓊脂糖凝膠進行電泳檢測發現dsRNA的條帶單一,且片段大小與模版cDNA大小相符(圖1、圖2)。對于合成的dsRNA的檢測,主要采用了RNase A和DNase I兩種酶進行。將轉錄產物與RNase A以1∶1的比例在37 ℃孵育30 min,電泳檢測發現產物完全降解,而將轉錄產物與DNase I以1∶4的比例在37 ℃孵育30 min,則發現產物未被降解(圖3)。檢測結果說明轉錄產物是RNA,而不是DNA。

2.2 ?dsRNA干擾的效果檢測

dsRNA注射72 h后,提取血細胞檢測目的基因相對表達量(相對內參基因EF-1α的表達量)。與空白對照組、PBS對照組相比,TLR組(圖4A)和MyD88 組(圖4B)注射的dsRNA均有效地降低了目的基因的相對表達量,其中TLR組TLR2-2基因表達量較PBS組下降了76.7%,而MyD88組MyD88-2基因相對表達量也是較PBS組下降了74.3%,而PBS組與空白對照組中,兩個目的基因的相對表達量沒有統計學差異。

2.3 ? TLR2-2基因干擾后對下游MyD88-2基因影響的檢測

由圖5可以看出,與PBS對照組相比,TLR干擾組中MyD88-2基因的相對表達量大幅下降;與PBS對照組相比,MyD88干擾組中TLR2-2基因的相對表達量差異不大。

3 ?小結與討論

RNAi作為反向遺傳學的工具已經成為研究基因功能的有效手段。近年來,這項技術在無脊椎動物的研究中也開始得到了越來越廣泛的應用。但在長牡蠣等雙殼貝類中相關的技術較脊椎動物還是非常不成熟的。研究認為,dsRNA處理后靶標mRNA水平下降70%以上,才可以認為干擾有效[15]。雖然也有其他研究質疑這一標準過于苛刻,認為mRNA表達量不必下降到這個水平才可引起足夠的蛋白表達量變化和表型差異[16],但即使按照70%的嚴格標準,本研究干擾效果也可以被認為是有效的。

目前,對長牡蠣中天然免疫系統的研究還是非常少,貝類和無脊椎動物缺少特異性的免疫反應和免疫記憶,所以完全依賴細胞和體液介導的天然免疫來進行病原防御。本研究初步探究了長牡蠣中TLR2-2基因沉默后對MyD88-2基因的影響,為其調控關系的確定提供了研究支持,對于明確TLR和MyD88在天然免疫系統中的作用提供了幫助。

參考文獻:endprint

[1] ELBASHIR S M, HARBORTH J, LENDECKEL W, et al. Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells[J]. Letters to Nature,2001,411:494-498.

[2] RAND T A, PETERSEN S, DU F, et al. Argonaute2 cleaves the anti-guide strand of siRNA during RISC activation[J]. Cell,2005,123(4):621-629.

[3] BERNSTEIN E, CAUDY A A, HAMMOND S M, et al. Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference[J]. Letters to Nature, 2001,409:363-366.

[4] HAMMOND S M, BERNSTEIN E, BEACH D, et al. An RNA-directed nuclease mediates post-transcriptional gene silencing in Drosophila cells [J]. Letters to Nature, 2000,404:293-296.

[5] HAMMOND S M, BOETTCHER S, CAUDY A A, et al. Argonaute2, a link between genetic and biochemical analyses of RNAi[J].Science,2001, 293:1146-1150.

[6] SUZUKI M, SARUWATARI K, KOGURE T, et al. An acidic matrix protein, Pif, is a key macromolecule for nacre formation [J]. Science magaizing,2009, 325:1388-1390.

[7] FANG D, XU G, HU Y, et al. Identification of genes directly involved in shell formation and their functions in pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata [J]. PLoS One,2011,6(7):e21860.

[8] WANG M, YANG J, ZHOU Z, et al. A primitive Toll-like receptor signaling pathway in mollusk Zhikong scallop Chlamys farrer [J]. Dev Comp Immunol, 2011, 35(4): 511-520.

[9] SOPHIE J, RUDI B. A universal role for MyD88 in TLR/IL-1R-mediated signaling [J]. Trends Biochem Sci, 2002, 27(9): 474-482.

[10] SUBHRA K B, VINAY T. Myeloid differentiation factor 88-independent Toll-like receptor pathway: Sustaining inflammation or promoting tolerance[J]. Inte J Biochem Cell Biology, 2007, 39(9): 1582-1592.

[11] CUI L Y, PENG K. Molecular cloning and expression of MyD88 in large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea[J]. Fish & Shellfish Immunol, 2009, 26(2): 249-255.

[12] HIMANSHU K, TARO K, SHIZUO A. Toll-like receptors and innate immunity[J]. Biochem Bioph Res Co, 2009, 388(4): 621-625.

[13] HUVET A, HERPIN A, DEGREMONT L, et al. The identification of genes from the oyster Crassostrea gigas that are differentially expressed in progeny exhibiting opposed susceptibility to summer mortality[J]. Gene, 2004, 343(1):211-220.

[14] ESCOUBAS J M, BRIANT L, MONTAGNANI C, et al. Oyster IKK-like protein shares structural and functional properties with its mammalian homologues[J]. FEBS Lett, 1999, 453(3):293-298.

[15] JIANG Y, LOKER E S, ZHANG S M. In vivo and in vitro knockdown of FREP2 gene expression in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata using RNA interference[J]. Dev Comp Immunol, 2006, 30(10):855–866.

[16] FABIOUX C, CORPOREAU C, QUILLIEN V, et al. In vivo RNA interference in oyster-vasa silencing inhibits germ cell development [J]. FEBS J, 2009, 276(9):2566-2573.endprint

[1] ELBASHIR S M, HARBORTH J, LENDECKEL W, et al. Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells[J]. Letters to Nature,2001,411:494-498.

[2] RAND T A, PETERSEN S, DU F, et al. Argonaute2 cleaves the anti-guide strand of siRNA during RISC activation[J]. Cell,2005,123(4):621-629.

[3] BERNSTEIN E, CAUDY A A, HAMMOND S M, et al. Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference[J]. Letters to Nature, 2001,409:363-366.

[4] HAMMOND S M, BERNSTEIN E, BEACH D, et al. An RNA-directed nuclease mediates post-transcriptional gene silencing in Drosophila cells [J]. Letters to Nature, 2000,404:293-296.

[5] HAMMOND S M, BOETTCHER S, CAUDY A A, et al. Argonaute2, a link between genetic and biochemical analyses of RNAi[J].Science,2001, 293:1146-1150.

[6] SUZUKI M, SARUWATARI K, KOGURE T, et al. An acidic matrix protein, Pif, is a key macromolecule for nacre formation [J]. Science magaizing,2009, 325:1388-1390.

[7] FANG D, XU G, HU Y, et al. Identification of genes directly involved in shell formation and their functions in pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata [J]. PLoS One,2011,6(7):e21860.

[8] WANG M, YANG J, ZHOU Z, et al. A primitive Toll-like receptor signaling pathway in mollusk Zhikong scallop Chlamys farrer [J]. Dev Comp Immunol, 2011, 35(4): 511-520.

[9] SOPHIE J, RUDI B. A universal role for MyD88 in TLR/IL-1R-mediated signaling [J]. Trends Biochem Sci, 2002, 27(9): 474-482.

[10] SUBHRA K B, VINAY T. Myeloid differentiation factor 88-independent Toll-like receptor pathway: Sustaining inflammation or promoting tolerance[J]. Inte J Biochem Cell Biology, 2007, 39(9): 1582-1592.

[11] CUI L Y, PENG K. Molecular cloning and expression of MyD88 in large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea[J]. Fish & Shellfish Immunol, 2009, 26(2): 249-255.

[12] HIMANSHU K, TARO K, SHIZUO A. Toll-like receptors and innate immunity[J]. Biochem Bioph Res Co, 2009, 388(4): 621-625.

[13] HUVET A, HERPIN A, DEGREMONT L, et al. The identification of genes from the oyster Crassostrea gigas that are differentially expressed in progeny exhibiting opposed susceptibility to summer mortality[J]. Gene, 2004, 343(1):211-220.

[14] ESCOUBAS J M, BRIANT L, MONTAGNANI C, et al. Oyster IKK-like protein shares structural and functional properties with its mammalian homologues[J]. FEBS Lett, 1999, 453(3):293-298.

[15] JIANG Y, LOKER E S, ZHANG S M. In vivo and in vitro knockdown of FREP2 gene expression in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata using RNA interference[J]. Dev Comp Immunol, 2006, 30(10):855–866.

[16] FABIOUX C, CORPOREAU C, QUILLIEN V, et al. In vivo RNA interference in oyster-vasa silencing inhibits germ cell development [J]. FEBS J, 2009, 276(9):2566-2573.endprint

[1] ELBASHIR S M, HARBORTH J, LENDECKEL W, et al. Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells[J]. Letters to Nature,2001,411:494-498.

[2] RAND T A, PETERSEN S, DU F, et al. Argonaute2 cleaves the anti-guide strand of siRNA during RISC activation[J]. Cell,2005,123(4):621-629.

[3] BERNSTEIN E, CAUDY A A, HAMMOND S M, et al. Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference[J]. Letters to Nature, 2001,409:363-366.

[4] HAMMOND S M, BERNSTEIN E, BEACH D, et al. An RNA-directed nuclease mediates post-transcriptional gene silencing in Drosophila cells [J]. Letters to Nature, 2000,404:293-296.

[5] HAMMOND S M, BOETTCHER S, CAUDY A A, et al. Argonaute2, a link between genetic and biochemical analyses of RNAi[J].Science,2001, 293:1146-1150.

[6] SUZUKI M, SARUWATARI K, KOGURE T, et al. An acidic matrix protein, Pif, is a key macromolecule for nacre formation [J]. Science magaizing,2009, 325:1388-1390.

[7] FANG D, XU G, HU Y, et al. Identification of genes directly involved in shell formation and their functions in pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata [J]. PLoS One,2011,6(7):e21860.

[8] WANG M, YANG J, ZHOU Z, et al. A primitive Toll-like receptor signaling pathway in mollusk Zhikong scallop Chlamys farrer [J]. Dev Comp Immunol, 2011, 35(4): 511-520.

[9] SOPHIE J, RUDI B. A universal role for MyD88 in TLR/IL-1R-mediated signaling [J]. Trends Biochem Sci, 2002, 27(9): 474-482.

[10] SUBHRA K B, VINAY T. Myeloid differentiation factor 88-independent Toll-like receptor pathway: Sustaining inflammation or promoting tolerance[J]. Inte J Biochem Cell Biology, 2007, 39(9): 1582-1592.

[11] CUI L Y, PENG K. Molecular cloning and expression of MyD88 in large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea[J]. Fish & Shellfish Immunol, 2009, 26(2): 249-255.

[12] HIMANSHU K, TARO K, SHIZUO A. Toll-like receptors and innate immunity[J]. Biochem Bioph Res Co, 2009, 388(4): 621-625.

[13] HUVET A, HERPIN A, DEGREMONT L, et al. The identification of genes from the oyster Crassostrea gigas that are differentially expressed in progeny exhibiting opposed susceptibility to summer mortality[J]. Gene, 2004, 343(1):211-220.

[14] ESCOUBAS J M, BRIANT L, MONTAGNANI C, et al. Oyster IKK-like protein shares structural and functional properties with its mammalian homologues[J]. FEBS Lett, 1999, 453(3):293-298.

[15] JIANG Y, LOKER E S, ZHANG S M. In vivo and in vitro knockdown of FREP2 gene expression in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata using RNA interference[J]. Dev Comp Immunol, 2006, 30(10):855–866.

[16] FABIOUX C, CORPOREAU C, QUILLIEN V, et al. In vivo RNA interference in oyster-vasa silencing inhibits germ cell development [J]. FEBS J, 2009, 276(9):2566-2573.endprint

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