郭曉玉,李智,曲秀娟,劉云鵬
(中國醫科大學附屬第一醫院腫瘤內科,沈陽 110001)
·論著·
UGT1A1*6基因多態性與伊立替康毒性關系的meta分析
郭曉玉,李智,曲秀娟,劉云鵬
(中國醫科大學附屬第一醫院腫瘤內科,沈陽 110001)
目的通過整合相關文獻進行meta分析以得出UGT1A1*6基因多態性與伊立替康毒性的關系,指導臨床治療。方法通過PubMed數據庫及手工搜索相關文獻,制定文章納入排除標準,納入文章進行質量評價,提取數據后,應用STATA12.0軟件進行分析。結果共納入12篇文章進行分析,UGT1A1*6突變型較野生型發生粒細胞缺乏的風險率顯著提高(OR=2.37,95% CI 1.58~3.55,P=0.001),其中純合突變型和雜合突變型較野生型粒細胞缺乏發生風險率高,純合突變型(OR=5.09,95%CI 2.74~9.45,P<0.001)較雜合突變型(OR=2.07,95%CI 1.37~3.13,P=0.001)風險率更高;而在腹瀉方面,UGT1A1*6突變型較野生型發生腹瀉的風險率高(OR=1.48,95%CI 0.86~2.55,P=0.153),但無統計學差異,而其中純合突變型腹瀉發生風險率顯著增高(OR=3.51,95%CI 1.33~9.25,P=0.011),雜合突變型(OR=1.22,95%CI 0.68~2.22,P=0.503)腹瀉發生風險率增高,但結果無統計學差異。結論UGT1A1*6基因多態性可以預測伊立替康的毒性,尤其是粒細胞缺乏的發生率。
UGT1A1*6;基因多態性;伊立替康;毒性;meta分析
伊立替康自20世紀90年代問世以來已廣泛應用于結腸癌、直腸癌、肺癌等實體瘤治療。大量臨床試驗證明,伊立替康可明顯提高患者的總生存期[1~4],但因其毒性(主要為Ⅲ~Ⅳ度粒細胞缺乏和腹瀉)較大,其應用受到一定限制[5]。伊立替康是喜樹堿半人工合成物,主要代謝部位為肝臟。經靜脈注射后,在體內經羧酸酯酶(carboxylesterase,CE)轉化為7-乙基-10-羥基喜樹堿(7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin,SN-38)。后者為拓撲異構酶Ⅰ抑制劑,抑制DNA單鏈斷裂后的修復,干擾DNA復制和轉錄,發揮細胞毒效應。SN-38進而經尿苷磷酸葡萄糖醛酸轉移酶(uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1,UGT1)A1滅活為葡萄糖醛酸產物SN-38G后,通過膽汁排泄入腸,在腸道細菌β-葡萄糖醛酸酶的作用下轉換為SN-38而引發腸黏膜損傷及遲發性腹瀉。腸道內的UGT1A1酶又可再度催化SN-38為SN-38G解毒[6]??梢姡亮⑻婵档亩拘耘c其主要的藥物代謝酶UGT1A1有關,而其酶活性的高低又受UGT1A1基因多態性的影響。因此,UGT1A1的基因多態性與伊立替康的不良反應密切相關[7~10]。
美國食品及藥物管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)已于2005年批準UGT1A1*28用于預測伊立替康的不良反應。但是,UGT1A1*28在白種人群中突變率較高,約為30%~40%,在亞洲人群中的發生率僅為7%~14%,而UGT1A1*6突變在亞洲人群中的發生率卻高達13%~24%。UGT1A1*6的多態性表現為第1外顯子區211G>A突變,形成3種基因型:野生型(G/G)、雜合突變型(A/G)和純合突變型(A/A)[11~13]。
目前,UGT1A1*6基因多態性與伊立替康的毒性關系并沒有一個明確結果,而相關研究的樣本量都較小,研究的毒性反應不統一[11~30],且有些研究結果相悖[22,26,30,31],為研究UGT1A1*6基因多態性與伊立替康引起的Ⅲ~Ⅳ度粒細胞缺乏和腹瀉的關系,本文整合相關文獻進行meta分析。
1.1 文獻檢索
以“UGT1A1”,“UGT1A1*6”,“irinotecan”為關鍵詞在PubMed數據庫檢索截至2013年12月的所有文獻,并通過手動檢索相關文獻。
1.2 納入與排除標準
納入標準:與UGT1A1*6基因多態性和伊立替康毒性關系有相關性、使用英語發表的、發表于同行審閱的雜志的文章納入;排除標準:非英文發表、系統綜述或病例報道、未提供UGT1A1*6各基因型粒細胞缺乏或腹瀉發生的具體人數的文章排除。
1.3 質量評價與數據提取
對納入文獻應用The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS)量表,由兩名人員分別獨立對文獻進行評價,不同意見討論處理。提取作者、年份、地域、研究人數、腫瘤類型、化療方案、伊立替康劑量,UGT1A1*6各基因型發生Ⅲ~Ⅳ度粒細胞缺乏及腹瀉的人數及總人數。
1.4 統計學方法
用STATA12.0軟件meta分析板塊,對UGT1A1* 6不同基因型發生Ⅲ~Ⅳ度細胞缺乏及腹瀉的優勢比(odds ratio,OR)及95%可信區間(95%confidence interval,95%CI)進行分析,當P<0.05時,結果有統計學意義。應用Chi-square-based Q檢驗對異質性(I2)定量分析,若I2>50%,認為有明顯異質性,我們將采用隨機效應模型進行分析,若無明顯異質性,將采用固定效應模型進行分析。最后,使用漏斗圖進行發表偏倚評價。
2.1 基本信息
根據檢索策略,初步檢索文獻327篇,排除不相關文獻281篇,日文文獻3篇,無具體不良反應人數文獻26篇,無具體不良反應類型文獻5篇,最后共12篇文獻[14,15,18~23,25,28,30,35]符合標準,共包括1 100例,其中野生型(G/G)707例、雜合突變型(A/G)340例,純合突變型(A/A)53例,其中與嚴重粒細胞缺乏相關文獻11篇,與嚴重腹瀉相關6篇。應用NOS量表,由2名人員分別獨立對文獻進行評價。提取作者、年份、地域、研究人數、腫瘤類型、化療方案、伊立替康劑量等相關信息,見表1。
2.2 UGT1A1*6基因多態性與伊立替康毒性——粒細胞缺乏關系
UGT1A1*6基因多態性與嚴重粒細胞缺乏關系的相關文獻11篇,結果與森林圖見圖1、圖2,UGT1A1*6突變型較野生型發生粒細胞缺乏的風險率顯著增高(OR=2.37,95%CI 1.58~3.55;P<0.001),其中純合突變型和雜合突變型較野生型粒細胞缺乏發生風險率均增高,純合突變型(OR= 5.089,95%CI 2.742~9.446,P<0.001)較雜合突變型(OR=2.068,95%CI 1.366~3.129,P=0.001)風險率更高,差異均有統計學意義,且純合突變型(I2= 0.0%,P=0.562)與雜合突變型(I2=37.2%,P= 0.102)均無顯著異質性。
2.3 UGT1A1*6基因多態性與伊立替康毒性——腹瀉關系
而在腹瀉方面,UGT1A1*6基因多態性與嚴重腹瀉關系的相關文獻6篇,結果與森林圖見圖3、圖4,UGT1A1*6突變型較野生型發生腹瀉的風險率有提高(OR=1.48,95%CI 0.86~2.55,P=0.153),但無統計學差異,而其中純合突變型腹瀉發生風險率顯著提高(OR=3.51,95%CI 1.33~9.25,P=0.011),結果有統計學差異,雜合突變型(OR=1.22,95%CI 0.68~2.22,P=0.503)腹瀉發生風險率有提高,但結果無統計學差異,純合突變型(I2=0.0%,P=0.748)與雜合突變型(I2=0.0%,P=0.715)均無顯著異質性。

表1 基本信息表Tab.1 Main characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis
UGT1A1*6多態性對伊立替康毒性的影響主要體現在粒細胞缺乏上,對腹瀉的影響并不明顯。我們考慮,粒細胞缺乏主要為伊立替康的血液學毒性反應,因此受UGT1A1*6多態性影響較大,而腹瀉可能與患者既往接受手術、放療等多種因素有關,因此受UGT1A1*6多態性影響較小。
伊立替康主要代謝部位為肝臟。在體內經CE轉化為SN-38發揮細胞毒效應。SN-38進而經UGT1A1酶滅活為葡萄糖醛酸產物SN-38G后,通過膽汁排泄入腸。因此,伊立替康毒性不僅與UGT1A1酶有關,而是多種酶共同作用的結果。目前有研究[2]表明,ABCB1 C3435T多態性與伊立替康代謝有關,進一步研究應用伊立替康不良反應的人群的基因表達,可更加全面準確預測伊立替康的毒性。
綜上所述,UGT1A1*6多態性對伊立替康毒性有影響,無論粒細胞缺乏還是腹瀉,UGT1A1*6突變型均較野生型有更大的毒性風險,且純合突變型風險更大,因此UGT1A1*6多態性可以預測伊立替康的毒性反應,從而指導臨床用藥。

圖1 粒細胞缺乏AA:GGFig.1 AA:GG neutropenia

圖2 粒細胞缺乏GA:GGFig.2 GA:GG neutropenia

圖3 腹瀉AA:GGFig.3 AA:GG diarrhea

圖4 腹瀉GA:GGFig.4 GA:GG diarrhea
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(編輯 武玉欣)
Association of UGT1A1*6Polymorphismswith Irinotecan-induced Toxicities:AMeta-analysis
GUOXiao-yu,LIZhi,QUXiu-juan,LIU Yun-peng
(DepartmentofMedicalOncology,The FirstHospital,China MedicalUniversity,Shenyang 110001,China)
Objective To conduct a meta-analysis of literatures to explore the relationship of UGT1A1*6gene polymorphism and irinotecan toxicity,so as to guide clinical treatment.MethodsPapers were searched by PubMed database and manual search.The inclusion and exclusion criteria of studies were formulated and the methodologies quality was assessed,data were extracted and the statistical analysis was made using STATA12.0 software.ResultsAtotalof12 articles were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Patients with mutated UGT1A1*6showed an increased risk for neutropenia compared to wild UGT1A1*6(OR=2.37,95%CI 1.58-3.55,P=0.001).Both homozygous and heterozygous mutation showed an increased risk for neutropenia compared to wild type and the homozygous mutation(OR=5.09,95%CI 2.74-9.45,P<0.001)showed an even higher risk for neutropenia compared to the heterozygous mutation(OR=2.07,95%CI 1.37-3.13,P=0.001).For severe diarrhea,mutated UGT1A1*6showed an increased risk compared to wild type(OR=1.48,95%CI 0.86-2.55,P=0.153),though without statistical significance.The homozygous mutation performed a significantly increased risk(OR=3.51,95%CI 1.33-9.25,P=0.011)and the heterozygous mutation also showed increased risk,however,the difference between them was notstatistically significant.ConclusionUGT1A1*6polymorphisms can predictirinotecan toxicity,especially forincidence ofneutropenia.
UGT1A1*6;polymorphisms;irinotecan;toxicity;meta-analysis
R73-31
A
0258-4646(2015)07-0596-06
國家自然科學基金(81372485);遼寧省科學技術計劃(2011404013-1;2012225001);遼寧省高等學校杰出青年學者成長計劃(LJQ2011082);高等學校博士學科點聯合資助(20112104110005)
郭曉玉(1988-),女,醫師,碩士.
劉云鵬,E-mail:cmuliuyunpeng@hotmail.com
2014-12-16
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