揚(yáng)帆“一帶一路”重慶爭(zhēng)先奮楫

□ 文/朱晞?lì)?/p>

●（作者單位：中共重慶市委外事工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組辦公室、重慶市人民政府外事僑務(wù)辦公室）

提出絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶和21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路（以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“一帶一路”）戰(zhàn)略倡議，是我國(guó)適應(yīng)全球形勢(shì)變化，統(tǒng)籌國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)大局做出的重大決策。一年多來(lái)，中國(guó)以實(shí)際行動(dòng)證明，“一帶一路”不僅僅是高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚的宏偉藍(lán)圖，更是腳踏實(shí)地的深耕細(xì)作，通過(guò)“一帶一路”建設(shè)把中國(guó)與世界60多個(gè)國(guó)家90多個(gè)城市的發(fā)展更加緊密地聯(lián)系在一起，是新常態(tài)下打造經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體、命運(yùn)共同體、責(zé)任共同體的典型見(jiàn)證，也是我們貫徹“四個(gè)全面”總體布局的重大實(shí)踐。今年3月，習(xí)近平主席出席博鰲亞洲論壇2015年年會(huì)期間，《推進(jìn)共建絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶和21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路的愿景與行動(dòng)》發(fā)布，掀起“一帶一路”建設(shè)新篇章。

重慶是中國(guó)內(nèi)陸唯一的中央直轄市，也是國(guó)家中心城市和長(zhǎng)江上游的經(jīng)濟(jì)中心。在地域分布上，重慶處于“一帶一路”和長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶“Y”字形大通道的聯(lián)結(jié)點(diǎn)上，具有承東啟西、連接南北的獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì)，是絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶的重要戰(zhàn)略支點(diǎn)和海上絲綢之路的產(chǎn)業(yè)腹地。面對(duì)新的歷史責(zé)任和難得的歷史機(jī)遇，重慶將緊緊圍繞國(guó)家“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃，牢牢把握中央要求和對(duì)重慶的功能定位，堅(jiān)持互利互惠、合作共贏的原則，以服務(wù)中央總體外交為統(tǒng)領(lǐng)，助推重慶開(kāi)發(fā)開(kāi)放為動(dòng)力，充分發(fā)揮優(yōu)勢(shì)，挖掘潛力，切實(shí)推進(jìn)與“一帶一路”國(guó)家在政策溝通、設(shè)施聯(lián)通、貿(mào)易暢通、資金融通、民心相通等方面對(duì)接互補(bǔ)，加快重慶與相關(guān)國(guó)家在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、經(jīng)貿(mào)往來(lái)、科教文化等領(lǐng)域開(kāi)展務(wù)實(shí)合作，搭建起全方位、多層次、復(fù)合型的對(duì)外交往格局，實(shí)現(xiàn)重慶與“一帶一路”國(guó)家在更大范圍、更高水平、更深層次的合作共贏。

以推動(dòng)設(shè)施建設(shè)為抓手，共建互聯(lián)互通大通道。充分發(fā)揮重慶的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)，密切重慶與“一帶一路”國(guó)家的互聯(lián)互通水平。積極爭(zhēng)取國(guó)家支持，加快蘭渝、渝昆高鐵的建設(shè)進(jìn)度，做實(shí)“渝新歐”鐵路大通道的承運(yùn)水平，加快融入中歐通道鐵路運(yùn)輸、口岸通關(guān)協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制，用好“渝新歐”國(guó)際班列良好的運(yùn)輸態(tài)勢(shì)，建設(shè)溝通境內(nèi)外、連接?xùn)|中西的運(yùn)輸通道。積極帶動(dòng)長(zhǎng)江中上游地區(qū)和俄羅斯伏爾加河沿岸聯(lián)邦區(qū)的合作。向南，重慶將加快通過(guò)云南等的聯(lián)結(jié)，暢通與緬甸、越南等地的聯(lián)絡(luò)。積極培育重慶始發(fā)或經(jīng)停重慶至南亞、中亞、西亞、中東歐等“一帶一路”區(qū)域的國(guó)際客貨航線。加快推進(jìn)油氣管網(wǎng)建設(shè)，逐步形成以重慶為節(jié)點(diǎn)，連接中哈、中緬、沿江原油管道的原油供應(yīng)通道。推動(dòng)重慶直達(dá)國(guó)際通信業(yè)務(wù)出入口至日本、韓國(guó)、新加坡、香港等國(guó)家和地區(qū)的通信專(zhuān)線建設(shè)，構(gòu)建起和“一帶一路”國(guó)家更加便捷暢通的交通大通道。

以加快經(jīng)貿(mào)合作為重點(diǎn)，共謀互利互惠大產(chǎn)業(yè)。本著“企業(yè)主體、市場(chǎng)主導(dǎo)、政府推動(dòng)、商業(yè)運(yùn)作”原則創(chuàng)新國(guó)際區(qū)域合作模式，做好資源、資產(chǎn)、資金“走出去”和“引進(jìn)來(lái)”的大文章。其一，引導(dǎo)重慶本土優(yōu)勢(shì)企業(yè)赴外投資。重慶是中國(guó)的汽車(chē)之都，電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展迅猛，裝備制造全國(guó)領(lǐng)先，而目前很多“一帶一路”國(guó)家絕大多數(shù)處于工業(yè)化初級(jí)階段，在相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)域需求旺盛，應(yīng)大力鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)優(yōu)勢(shì)企業(yè)走出去，有選擇地赴“一帶一路”國(guó)家投資興業(yè)、設(shè)立加工企業(yè)，參與當(dāng)?shù)仨?xiàng)目建設(shè)等。其二，推進(jìn)國(guó)外資本與重慶深度融合。擴(kuò)大對(duì)外資開(kāi)放領(lǐng)域，允許外資資本進(jìn)入相關(guān)行業(yè)和領(lǐng)域，吸引外資參與設(shè)立醫(yī)療、教育培訓(xùn)、新聞廣電和數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)等機(jī)構(gòu)，鼓勵(lì)他們更多參與相關(guān)行業(yè)發(fā)展。其三，提升區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)外開(kāi)放水平。加快推動(dòng)跨境金融合作，引入海外資本與金融改革創(chuàng)新，創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)業(yè)投融資模式，支持重慶企業(yè)開(kāi)展人民幣跨境結(jié)算，進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大人民幣跨境使用等等。

以構(gòu)建科學(xué)機(jī)制為支撐，共搭互享互動(dòng)大平臺(tái)。站在新的起點(diǎn)，必須另辟發(fā)展蹊徑，持續(xù)推動(dòng)創(chuàng)新、支持創(chuàng)業(yè)，最大限度激發(fā)市場(chǎng)活力與創(chuàng)造力。其一，主動(dòng)對(duì)口對(duì)接國(guó)際大市場(chǎng)建設(shè)。以?xún)山聟^(qū)為平臺(tái)，以裝備制造為切入點(diǎn)，積極爭(zhēng)取開(kāi)展相關(guān)合作試點(diǎn)，通過(guò)體制機(jī)制創(chuàng)新，形成國(guó)際貿(mào)易、國(guó)際物流、國(guó)際金融、信息集成、資源集聚與整合、綜合服務(wù)、休閑觀光和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的國(guó)家級(jí)示范園區(qū)。探索對(duì)外商投資實(shí)行準(zhǔn)入前國(guó)民待遇加負(fù)面清單管理模式，開(kāi)展人民幣離岸業(yè)務(wù)在岸結(jié)算試點(diǎn)。其二，在重慶設(shè)立相關(guān)的研發(fā)中心、產(chǎn)學(xué)研一體化基地和科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化平臺(tái)，完善引才、育才、用才、留才機(jī)制，有針對(duì)性地引進(jìn)優(yōu)秀人才，尤其是要聚攏好涉外人才“智力庫(kù)”資源。加大對(duì)海外人才的引進(jìn)力度，推進(jìn)和海外人才的良性互動(dòng)，吸引“一帶一路”國(guó)家各類(lèi)人才到重慶就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)，匯聚國(guó)內(nèi)外精英英才。其三，扶持創(chuàng)意新興產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。大力發(fā)展高新技術(shù)企業(yè)、文化創(chuàng)意企業(yè)、戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)企業(yè)，試行更加靈活優(yōu)惠的稅收措施，發(fā)展涵蓋電子信息、裝備制造、衛(wèi)生教育、社會(huì)公共服務(wù)、文化創(chuàng)意、設(shè)計(jì)研發(fā)、動(dòng)漫游戲在內(nèi)的綜合服務(wù)業(yè)，將重慶打造成全球具有較大影響力的對(duì)外服務(wù)貿(mào)易示范城市。

以創(chuàng)新要素配置為動(dòng)力，共興互補(bǔ)互融大市場(chǎng)。堅(jiān)持內(nèi)生增長(zhǎng)和外涵發(fā)展并重，不斷提升經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展質(zhì)量和水平。其一，積極培育跨境電子商務(wù)。目前國(guó)家已批準(zhǔn)重慶為國(guó)家電子商務(wù)示范城市，重慶可依托“渝新歐”國(guó)際聯(lián)運(yùn)大通道、仙桃數(shù)據(jù)谷等有利條件，選擇一批發(fā)展快、信用好、管理規(guī)范的電子商務(wù)平臺(tái)企業(yè)進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)培育。其二，培育發(fā)展生產(chǎn)要素市場(chǎng)。培育發(fā)展現(xiàn)貨、期貨交易，建設(shè)交易交割、集散分撥中心，加大對(duì)“渝新歐”沿線、長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶沿線地區(qū)的物流輻射，把重慶建成面對(duì)“一帶一路”國(guó)家的重要流通集散基地。其三，充分激發(fā)本土消費(fèi)潛力。依托兩路寸灘保稅港區(qū)、西永保稅區(qū)等開(kāi)放平臺(tái)，建立免稅品物流中心、開(kāi)設(shè)網(wǎng)上交易平臺(tái)、促進(jìn)“一帶一路”國(guó)家的高端零售業(yè)在重慶落地發(fā)展。其四，做大做強(qiáng)本土優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)品牌。通過(guò)大企業(yè)示范帶動(dòng)等方式，引導(dǎo)重慶企業(yè)建立現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度并向集團(tuán)化集群化發(fā)展模式轉(zhuǎn)變。深化與“一帶一路”國(guó)家的產(chǎn)業(yè)合作，鼓勵(lì)延伸產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈對(duì)接，加大產(chǎn)品研發(fā)創(chuàng)新和市場(chǎng)開(kāi)拓力度，拓展市場(chǎng)份額。

以加快文旅融合為補(bǔ)充，共造互促互進(jìn)大環(huán)境。重慶是我國(guó)的歷史文化名城，紅色文化、抗戰(zhàn)文化、三峽文化等特色鮮明，近年來(lái)與“一帶一路”國(guó)家的文化交流活動(dòng)十分頻繁。我們要利用獨(dú)特的文化資源，以合作、創(chuàng)新和服務(wù)為主題，構(gòu)建面向“一帶一路”國(guó)家的旅游休閑中心和對(duì)外文化傳播基地，高水平建設(shè)重慶文化旅游展示中心，高起點(diǎn)規(guī)劃建設(shè)大型重慶文化展示中心。選派人員赴“一帶一路”國(guó)家開(kāi)展華文教學(xué)、文藝交流等活動(dòng)。打造重慶主題文化基地和“一帶一路”旅游體驗(yàn)展示基地，加快“一帶一路”旅游新線路開(kāi)發(fā)，吸引“一帶一路”國(guó)家來(lái)渝開(kāi)展旅游投資合作，共同講好重慶故事。為實(shí)現(xiàn)重慶與“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略的對(duì)接與耦合，加快內(nèi)陸開(kāi)放高地建設(shè)營(yíng)造良好環(huán)境。

The strategic initiative of Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (“One Belt and One Road”for short) is a major decision that China makes to adapt to changes in global situations and to coordinately grasp the overall international and domestic situations.Since its proposal more than one year ago,China,through its practice,proves that “One Belt and One Road”Initiative not only represents a high-aiming great blueprint but also its down-to-earth endeavor.Construction of “One Belt and One Road”closely connects China to over 90 cities in over 60 countries along “One Belt and One Road”.As a typical witness of China’s building an economic community,a community of common destiny and a communication of common responsibility under the new normal situation,“One Belt and One Road”embodies the major practice of China in implementing the general layout of “Four Comprehensiveness”,namely,comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society,comprehensively deepening reform,comprehensively implementing the rule of law and comprehensively strengthening Party discipline.President Xi Jinping delivered the report entitled Vision and Actions on Jointly Building the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road at the 2015 Bo’ao Forum for Asia in March this year,turning a new page in the construction of “One Belt and One Road”.

Chongqing,the only inland municipality directly under the central government in China,is a national central city and an economic center in the upper reaches of Yangtze River.Geologically,Chongqing,seated at the intersection of “One Belt and One Road”and the Y corridor of Yangtze River Economic Belt,is advantageous as it connects the east and the north to and the west and the south.It is an important strategic pivot of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the industrial rear area of the Maritime Silk Road.In the face of the new historical responsibilities and the rare opportunity,Chongqing,sticking to the national strategic planning for “One Belt and One Road”,fully understanding the requirements of the central government and functional positioning of Chongqing and adhering to principle of mutual benefit and win-win cooperation,will give full play to its advantages and tap its potentials to promote cooperation and complementation with countries along “One Belt and One Road”in policy coordination,facilities connectivity,unimpeded trade,financial integration and peopleto-people bond,speed up practical cooperation of Chongqing with relevant countries in infrastructure,economic transaction and trading,science,education and culture,establish an alldimensional,multi-tiered,composite foreign contact pattern,and realize broad,high-level and deep win-win cooperation of Chongqing with countries along “One Belt and One Road”under the guiding policy of serving the overall diplomacy of the central government and with the impetus of Chongqing development and opening-up.

Taking infrastructure construction as the breakthrough point,to jointly build a connectivity corridor.We will give full play to the geological advantages of Chongqing to improve its connectivity level with countries along “One Belt and One Road”.We will actively solicit the support of the central government,speed up construction of Lanzhou-Chongqing and Chongqing-Kunming high-speed railways and improve the carrying capability of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway corridor,so as to integrate into Sino-Europe Corridor railway transport and port custom declaration coordination mechanism more quickly,make good use of the sound transport situation of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe international trains and build up a transport corridor that connect East China,Central China and West China and connect China with foreign countries.We will actively promote cooperation between the middle and upper reaches of Yangtze River with federal regions of Russia along the Volga River.To the south,Chongqing will tighten contact with Myanmar and Vietnam through Yunnan Province.We will active design new international passenger and freight air routes that depart from Chongqing to South Asia,Central Asia,West Asia and Central-East Europe along “One Belt and One Road”or head to these regions via Chongqing.We will speed up construction of oil and gas pipeline network and gradually build Chongqing into the junction connecting the Sino-Kazakhstan and Sino-Burmese crude oil supply pipelines and the crude oil supply pipeline along Yangtze River.We will promote construction of the direct international communication access and the dedicated communication lines to Japan,ROK,Singapore and Hong Kong,so as to establish a more convenient and smooth communication corridor with countries along “One Belt and One Road”.

To jointly develop mutual-beneficial industries with focus on accelerating economic and trade cooperation.In the principle of “enterprises as the main body,market taking dominance,government encouragement and commercial operation”,we will innovate in international regional cooperation mode and do a good job in export and import of resources,assets and funds.First,we will guide local advantageous enterprises in Chongqing to invest in foreign countries.Chongqing is known as the automobile capital of China.Its electronic information industry develops rapidly.It takes a leading position in equipment manufacturing.Many countries along “One Belt and One Road”are still in the preliminary stage of industrialization and have strong demands in relevant industrial fields.We shall encourage and lead advantageous enterprise to go global,selectively establish branches and processing enterprises in countries along “One Belt and One Road”,and participate in local projects.Second,we shall promote deep integration of foreign capitals with local market of Chongqing.We shall open up more sectors to foreign investment,allow foreign investment in relevant industries and fields,attract foreign investment in medical service,education and trainings,news,broadcasting and culture,and data services,and encourage them to participate more in development of relevant industries.Third,we will improve the level of Chongqing Region in economic opening-up.We will accelerate cross-border financial cooperation,introduce in overseas capitals,complete financial reform and innovation and innovate in industrial investment and financing modes,so as to support Chongqing enterprises in Renminbi cross-border settlement and further expand cross-border use of Renminbi.

To establish a platform for sharing and interaction with the support of scientific mechanism.Standing at the new starting point,we must walk a new way of development,continuously promote innovation and provide support to entrepreneurship to motivate market vitality and creativity to the maximum extent.First,we will actively coordinate in construction of international market.On the platform of Liangjiang New Area and using equipment manufacturing as the breakthrough point,we will actively carry out relevant pilot cooperation project and establish a state-level demonstration park in international trading,international logistics,international finance,information integration,resource agglomeration and integration,comprehensive services,recreation and sightseeing and economic development through system and mechanism innovation.We will explore the application of preaccess national treatment plus negative list management mode to foreign investment and implement pilot on-shore settlement of RMB offshore business.Second,we will establish R＆D centers,bases for integration of production,study and researches and the platform for industrialization of scientific and technological achievements,complete and mechanism of talent introduction,cultivation,utilization and keeping,so as to introduce in relevant excellent talent,especially build up a pool of foreign talents.We will intensify introduction of overseas talents,promote positive interaction with them,and gather elites in and abroad to attract talents from countries along “One Belt and One Road”to seek employment and entrepreneurship in Chongqing.Third,we will support development of newlyemerging creative industry.We will vigorously develop high and new technology enterprises,cultural creative enterprises and those engaged in strategic newly-emerging industries;we will try more flexible preferential tax measures;and we will development a comprehensive service sector that covers electronic information,equipment manufacturing,health and education,social public service,cultural creation,design and R＆D and animation and games,so as to build Chongqing into a demonstration city in foreign service and trade with major influence in the world.

To jointly development a complementary market under the impetus of allocation of creative factors.We will attach equal importance to endogenous growth and external development to constantly improve economic development quality and level.First,we will actively develop cross-border e-commerce.The central government has recognized Chongqing as a national e-commerce demonstration city.Relying on the Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe international railway corridor and Xiantao Data Valley,Chongqing will give priority to cultivating a number of credible e-commerce platform enterprises that grow rapidly and are facilitated with standard management.Second,we will cultivate and develop factor market.We will develop spot and futures transactions,establish a trade delivery and distribution center and expand the logistic influence to regions along the Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe railway and Yangtze River Economic Belt,so as to build Chongqing into an important circulation and distribution base for countries along “One Belt and One Road”.Third,we will give full play to local consumption potentials.Relying on the open platforms such as Lianglu Cuntan Bonded Port Area and Xiyong Bonded Area,we will establish duty-free commodities logistic center and establish an on-line transaction platform to promote development of high-end retail originated in countries along “One Belt and One Road”in Chongqing.Fourth,we will enlarge and strengthen local advantageous industrial brand.Under the demonstrative and driving effect of large enterprises,we will lead Chongqing enterprise to establish modern enterprise management systems and promote transformation of their development mode to collectivization or cluster development.We will deepen industrial cooperation with countries along “One Belt and One Road”,encourage extension and connection of industrial chain,intensify product R＆D and innovation and market exploitation,and increase market share.

To jointly create a mutual-promoting environment complemented by quicker cultural and tourism integration.As a historically and culturally-renowned city in China,Chongqing distinctively features red culture,anti-war culture and threegorge culture.In recent year,it has been frequently engaged in cultural exchange with countries along “One Belt and One Road”.We will utilize our unique cultural resources to build up a tourism and recreation center and an international cultural communication base that are themed on cooperation,innovation and service and are oriented to countries along “One Belt and One Road”.We will construct the cultural and tourism exhibition center of Chongqing and plan for and build up large Chongqing culture exhibition center at high level and high starting point.We will select and assign proper people to countries along “One Belt and One Road”for Chinese teaching and cultural and artistic exchange.We will build up Chongqing themed cultural base and “One Belt and One Road”tourist experience and exhibition base,accelerate development new tourist routes,and attract countries along “One Belt and One Road”to invest in and cooperate with Chongqing tourism industry,so as to introduce Chongqing to the world.In order to keep in line with “One Belt and One Road”Initiative,Chongqing will speed up its opening-up as the inland highland and create a favorable environment.