渝新歐：亞歐互聯(lián)互通的骨干大通道絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶的大動(dòng)脈

從中國(guó)重慶到德國(guó)杜伊斯堡的渝新歐國(guó)際鐵路大通道是一帶一路戰(zhàn)略中一個(gè)極其重要的支撐。它是絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶的大動(dòng)脈、亞歐互聯(lián)互通的骨干大通道。

“渝新歐”橫跨歐亞大陸橋。這條國(guó)際鐵路通道從重慶出發(fā)，經(jīng)西安、蘭州、烏魯木齊，向西過北疆鐵路，到達(dá)邊境口岸阿拉山口，進(jìn)入哈薩克斯坦，再經(jīng)俄羅斯、白俄羅斯、波蘭，至德國(guó)的杜伊斯堡，全長(zhǎng)11179公里。這條鐵路由沿途六個(gè)國(guó)家鐵路、海關(guān)部門共同協(xié)調(diào)建立，實(shí)行“一處關(guān)檢，全程通行”。重慶到歐洲杜伊斯堡全程運(yùn)行時(shí)間現(xiàn)在為14-16天，比海運(yùn)節(jié)省30多天，比空運(yùn)便宜4/5。全程GPS定位系統(tǒng)跟蹤。

據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，“渝新歐”自正式開通以來，截至目前已開行200余班（含16班中亞班列），貨物運(yùn)輸總量約2萬標(biāo)箱，貨物運(yùn)輸周轉(zhuǎn)量54億噸公里，進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易額68億美元，占整個(gè)經(jīng)阿拉山口出入境中歐班列的80%以上，這其中又包含回程班列23班，居中歐班列第一位，超過第二、三名的總和。渝新歐已經(jīng)成為中歐班列的知名品牌，成為新絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶建設(shè)的標(biāo)志性成果和新的亞歐大陸橋。

值得一提的是，由于“渝新歐”影響力擴(kuò)大，貨源來源也更廣，重慶本地及周邊產(chǎn)品占50%，華東地區(qū)占30%，華南占20%。這些貨物分別將到達(dá)德國(guó)、波蘭、捷克等國(guó)家。

2014年6月14日下午，“渝新歐”首趟回程公共固定班列抵達(dá)重慶。這趟回程班列從德國(guó)杜伊斯堡車站開出,經(jīng)過波蘭、白俄羅斯、俄羅斯、哈薩克斯坦,最終到達(dá)重慶團(tuán)結(jié)村，其間歷經(jīng)了4次轉(zhuǎn)關(guān)和兩次換軌，全程運(yùn)行11000公里，搭載的貨物是長(zhǎng)安福特公司的汽車零部件，單箱最大貨值約35萬歐元，專列總貨值500多萬歐元。

通過加強(qiáng)與沿線國(guó)家鐵路及相關(guān)部門的合作，目前“渝新歐”已實(shí)現(xiàn)“1+N”的運(yùn)行分撥模式——“1”即以重慶到德國(guó)杜伊斯堡為主線，“N”則可根據(jù)客戶需要選擇沿線國(guó)家作為集結(jié)點(diǎn)和分撥點(diǎn)。

根據(jù)重慶市政府的總體部署，重慶市政府物流辦已于2014年5月23日、26日和27日，分別在德國(guó)、比利時(shí)和荷蘭成立了市政府物流辦歐洲聯(lián)絡(luò)處和辦事處，充分調(diào)動(dòng)和發(fā)揮國(guó)際貨代集貨作用，重點(diǎn)圍繞“附加值高”“運(yùn)輸時(shí)效強(qiáng)”兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)組織歐洲的高檔日用品、整車及零配件、高檔建材、高端裝備等貨源，為“渝新歐”回程班列的常態(tài)開行奠定基礎(chǔ)。

此外，“渝新歐”回程班列的開行頻率也大大提升。去年，回程公共固定班列先期每月開行1班，此后每月1-2班，年底實(shí)現(xiàn)每周一班的常態(tài)開行,進(jìn)一步提升“渝新歐”的可持續(xù)性。

去年，渝新歐共開通130多班班列，創(chuàng)造了自2011年1月28日開行以來的最高紀(jì)錄。2015年，預(yù)計(jì)總共將開行300班左右的班列，其中去程150班，回程150班。

大通道共建共享，大市場(chǎng)互聯(lián)互通，這是激活“一帶一路”發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ年P(guān)鍵抓手。中歐班列常態(tài)化運(yùn)行，展現(xiàn)了“渝新歐”旺盛的開發(fā)勢(shì)頭。

Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe International Railway the Main Passage between Asia and Europe The Major Backbone of the Silk Road Economic Belt

Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe International Railway is the keynote of “One Belt and One Road”strategy.It is the main artery of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the main passage between Asia and Europe,stretching across Eurasia Land Bridge.

Starting in Chongqing,Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe International Railway passes through Xi'an,Lanzhou,Urumqi,Northern Xinjiang Railway and the Alataw pass,where it enters Kazakhstan,before continuing through Russia,Belarus and Poland,finally ending in Duisburg,Germany,stretching 11,179 kilometers.The railway is constructed by railway departments and customs of six countries along the route and there is just one customs inspection along the whole route between Chongqing and Central Asia.It takes just 14 to 16 days on average to transport goods from Chongqing to Duisburg,30 days fewer than by sea and cheaper by 4/5 than air transportation.GPS is available throughout the journey.

According to incomplete statistics,since it began operating,more than 200 trains,as of today,have been started,including 16 to Central Asia.The total cargo transport volume is 20,000 TEU,traffic turnover 5.4 billion ton kilometers and value of imports and exports 6.8 billion dollars.This accounts for over 80% among all China - Europe trains through Alataw pass.In addition,the said number also includes 23 returning trains,ranking No.1 among China - Europe trains and exceeding the sum of second and third.Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe International Railway has already become a famous brand among all the China-Europe trains.It is a prominent achievement in the construction of Silk Road economic belt and a part of Eurasian Continental Bridge.

It is noteworthy noted that the greater the influence of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe International Railway,the broader the sources of supply.Local and side-line range of products make 50% of it,Eastern China 30%,and southern part of China 20%.Those goods will be transported to Germany,Poland,Czech Republic and other countries.

On the afternoon of June 14,2014,the first return train of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe International Railway arrived at Chongqing.Starting in Duisburg,this train passed through Poland,the Republic of Belarus,Russia,and eventually ended in Tuanjie Village,Chongqing,running 11,000 kilometers.During this trip,it went through customs transmit four times and exchanged rail twice.The loaded goods were auto parts from Chang'an Ford Automobile Company (max.goods value of single container: EUR 350,000,total goods value of the train: EUR 5 million)

By strengthening cooperation with the national railway departments along the railway and other related departments,Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe International Railway has successfully run the “1+N”distribution mode — “1”means to take the railway from Chongqing to Duisburg as the main line while “N”means to choose distribution center along the line as clients require.

According to the general plan of Chongqing Municipal Government,the Logistics Office has set up its European liaison divisions and offices in Germany,Belgium and the Netherlands respectively on May 23,26 and 27,2014 to fully mobilize and give play to the role of an international freight forwarder.By focusing on the two key points (i.e.,"high added value" and "time-based effective transportation"),the emphasis has been put on high-end daily necessities,finished automobile and spare and accessory parts,high-quality building materials and high-end equipment.All these have laid foundation for the normalized start of the return trains.

In addition,the running frequency of trains on Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe International Railway has been greatly improved.Last year,one return public fixed train is opened every month.In the future,one or two will be opened every month.By the end of this year,there will be one regular train every week to improve its sustainability.

Last year,Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe International Railway launched more than 130 trains,setting a record since its operation on January 28,2011.In 2015,about 300 trains will start,of which 150 are leaving ones and 150 return ones.

The co-construction and sharing of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe International Railwayand connectivity of the big market is the key to activating the development potential of “One Belt and One Road”.The normalized operation of China-Europe train showcases the sound momentum of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe International Railway..