網絡出版時間:2015-01-13 網絡出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/52.5012.R.20150113.1930.028.html
李 源, 房 卿, 周慶元
(陜西漢中中航工業3201醫院 呼吸科, 陜西 漢中 723000)
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HbA1c水平對PCI術后冠心病伴糖尿病患者心血管不良事件的影響
網絡出版時間:2015-01-13網絡出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/52.5012.R.20150113.1930.028.html
李源, 房卿, 周慶元
(陜西漢中中航工業3201醫院 呼吸科, 陜西 漢中723000)
[摘要]目的: 探討糖化血紅蛋白(HbA1c)水平與經皮冠狀動脈介入治療(PCI)術后冠心病(CHD)伴糖尿病患者心血管不良事件(MACE)發生率的關系。方法: 行PCI治療的CHD患者83例,根據入組患者的HbA1c水平將其分為A、B兩組,A組(HbA1c<6.5%) 38例, B組(HbA1c≥6.5%)45例,比較兩組患者資料、術前術前C反應蛋白(CRP)、血沉(ESR)、腫瘤壞死因子(TNF-α)及白介素6(IL-6)水平、觀察2組經PCI治療后6和24月MACE發生率。結果: A組患者術前的CRP、TNF-α水平均顯著低于B組(t=5.944、5.095,P<0.01),兩組ESR及IL-6差異無統計學意義(P>0.05);治療6月后,A、B兩組患者MACE結果差異無統計學意義(P>0.05);治療24月后A組患者出現心梗、病變血管再狹窄的比例均低于B組,差異有統計學意義(χ2=5.385、6.629,P=0.020、0.010)。結論: PCI術后,與高HbA1c患者比較,HbA1c水平低的CHD伴糖尿病患者的預后較好。
[關鍵詞]冠心病; 糖尿病; 心血管疾病; 糖化血紅蛋白; 經皮冠狀動脈介入
冠心病伴糖尿病患者的血糖水平會影響患者的死亡率和發生率產生[1]。糖化血紅蛋白(HbA1c)是糖尿病檢測的金標準,HbA1c能夠對測量前2~3個月的血糖的平均水平進行準確地反映,與糖尿病并發癥有密切關系[2-3]。本研究旨在探討HbA1c水平與經皮冠狀動脈介入治療(PCI)術后冠心病(CHD)伴糖尿病患者心血管不良事件(MACE)發生率的關系。
1對象與方法
1.1研究對象選擇2011-2012年心內科就診的83例接受PCI治療的CHD伴糖尿病患者,符合1997年美國糖尿病協會(ADA)2型糖尿病診斷糖尿病標準,癥狀、體征、冠脈造影結果明確為CHD。排除標準:已經確診為主動脈夾層、其它非心源性因素導致胸痛以及肺動脈栓塞,經PCI手術后未能顯著緩解或者消失心絞痛的癥狀,需在造影后進行主動脈—冠狀動脈旁路移植術及未在造影后植入支架者。根據入組患者的HbA1c水平分為兩組:A組(HbA1c<6.5% )38例,平均(64.3±11.6)歲; B組(HbA1c≥6.5%)45例,平均(62.4±13.4)歲。兩組年齡、性別等資料相比,差異無統計學意義(P<0.05)。
1.2方法抽取2組患者空腹靜脈抗凝全血,使用美國BIO-RADD-10TM型糖化血紅蛋白儀測定HbA1c。采用ELISA法測定患者術前血清C反應蛋白(CRP)、血沉(ESR)、腫瘤壞死因子(TNF-α)及白介素6(IL-6)水平。
1.3觀察指標觀察2組患者HbA1c、CRP、ESR、TNF-α及IL-6,隨訪治療后6和24月后MACE(死亡、心梗、支架內血栓、病變血管出現再狹窄)發生率。

2結果
2.1術前炎性指標兩組CHD伴糖尿病患者術前炎性指標比較,A組患者術前的CRP、TNF-α水平均低于B組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05),見表1。

表1 兩組CHD伴糖尿病患者PCI術前的
2.2治療6月、24月MACE發生率治療6月后 A、B兩組CHD伴糖尿病患者MACE發生率比較,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05);治療24月后,A組出現心梗、病變血管再狹窄病例均低于B組,差異具有統計學意義(P<0.05),見表2。

表2 兩組CHD伴糖尿病患者PCI治療術6月后MACE發生率
3討論
隨著介入診療技術發展,PCI已經成為一種治療CHD最有效的方法,但CHD伴高血糖癥會使各種類型的CHD患者PCI手術后血栓、心梗等并發癥的發生率上升[4-6]。在CHD患者中,女性糖尿病發病率是非CHD患者的5倍,男性糖尿病發病率是非CHD患者的2倍[7]。嚴格控制患者的血糖水平,可以降低糖尿病并發癥的發生,HbA1c雖然可以評價糖尿病患者體內血糖控制的情況,但只能反映2~3個月的血糖平均水平,而沒能對血糖變化的頻率以及程度進行精確反映[8]。但患者用餐后血糖往往處于高、低交替狀態,而HbA1c仍處在一個較低水平的狀態,不能反映患者當時的水平[9]。研究還發現,單純以HbA1c預測CHD伴糖尿病患者MACE仍有局限性[10]。提示臨床中在監測HbA1c時,還應對患者血糖進行檢測。本研究以CHD伴糖尿病患者行PCI術前HbA1c水平進行分組,結果發現HbA1c水平越高,相對應的血液炎性介質水平也越高,提示冠心病患者機體的炎癥反應與糖尿病的病程進展有著一定的相關性[11]。PCI術后CHD合并糖尿病的患者HbA1c高水平組,MACE發生率高于HbA1c低水平組,說明HbA1c高水平組行PCI治療后的遠期療效(24個月)低于HbA1c低水平組。提示HbA1c水平低的CHD伴糖尿病患者PCI治療的預后好于HbA1c水平高者,
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(2014-09-11收稿,2014-11-28修回)
中文編輯: 吳昌學; 英文編輯: 劉華
The Effect of HbA1c Level on the Incidence of MACE in Postoperative
Patients of CHD & DM after PCI Therapy
LI Yuan, FANG Qing, ZHOU Qingyuan
(PneumologyDepartment, 3201HospitalofZhonghangIndustry,Hanzhong723000,Shanxi,China)
[Abstract]Objective: To explore the relationship of HbA1c level with the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events(MACE) of CHD & DM patients after PCI therapy. Methods: Eighty-three cases of CHD & DM patients after PCI operation were selected and divided into group A (HbA1c<6.5%) and group B (HbA1c≥6.5%),with 38 cases in group A and 45 in group B. The preoperative CRP, ESR, TNF-α IL-6 in group A and group B were compared and MACE incidences were observed in 6 months and 24 months after PCI respectively. Results: The preoperative average CRP and TNF-α levels in group A were obviously higher than those in group B (t=5.944, 5.095, P<0.01), but the differences of ESR and IL-6 levels were not significant between groups A and B. The MACE incidence in 6 months after PCI therapy was not significantly different between groups A and B (P>0.05); But in 24 months after PCI therapy, the proportion of myocardial infarction and vascular restenosis in the patients in group A was significantly lower than that in group B (χ2=5.385, 6.629; P=0.020, 0.010). Conclusion: After PCI therapy, the prognosis of CHD & DM patients with lower HbA1c level is better than that of patients with higher HbA1c level.
[Key words]coronary heart disease; diabetes mellitus; cardiovascular diseases; HbA1c; percutaneous coronary intervention
[中圖分類號]R459.9;R541.4;R587.1
[文獻標識碼]A
[文章編號]1000-2707(2015)01-0104-03