拿破侖·波拿巴

柴博聞

個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)介

拿破侖·波拿巴（Napoléon Bonaparte，1769-1821），原名拿破侖·布宛納，人稱奇跡創(chuàng)造者。拿破侖·波拿巴是法國近代資產(chǎn)階級(jí)軍事家、政治家、數(shù)學(xué)家。法蘭西共和國第一執(zhí)政（1799-1804），法蘭西第一帝國皇帝（1804-1815），意大利國王，萊茵聯(lián)邦保護(hù)人，瑞士聯(lián)邦仲裁者。曾經(jīng)征服和占領(lǐng)過西歐和中歐的廣大領(lǐng)土。

Napoléon Bonaparte was born in 1769 in a noble family in Ajaccio， Corsica. Under the arrangement of his father， Napoléon went to Brienne Minitary Academy at the age of 9. In 1784， he graduated with perfect grade and was sent to Paris Officer School. When he was 16， his father passed away. Then he dropped out of school and was honored with Artillery lieutenant title.

拿破侖·波拿巴于1769年出生于科西嘉島的阿雅克肖城的貴族世家。在父親的安排下，拿破侖9歲就到法國布里埃納軍校接受教育。1784年以優(yōu)異成績(jī)畢業(yè)后，他被選送到巴黎軍官學(xué)校。16歲時(shí)父親去世，他中途輟學(xué)并被授予炮兵少尉頭銜。

Being an outstanding strategist， Napoléon was good at applying military strategies into practice. He was appointed as commander-in-chief of the Italian Front Army of the Republic of France on March， 2nd， 1796. 拿破侖是一名出色的軍事家，善于將各種軍事策略運(yùn)用于實(shí)戰(zhàn)之中。1796年3月2日，拿破侖被任命為法蘭西共和國意大利方面軍總司令。

On November 9th， 1799， Napoléon staged the Coup of Brumaire， which was a big success. Thus， Napoléon became the First Consul of the Republic of France， who actually was a dictator.

1799年11月9日，拿破侖發(fā)動(dòng)了霧月政變并獲得成功。他成為法蘭西共和國第一執(zhí)政，實(shí)際上為獨(dú)裁者。

In August， 1802， Napoléon revised the 8-year-republican constitution into lifelong reign. On 6th， November， 1804， an 8-year-republican constitution was voted via referendum. On December 2nd， the same year， he was coronated by himself instead of Saint Pius VII.

1802年8月，拿破侖修訂任期八年的共和憲法，改為終身執(zhí)政。1804年11月6日，公民投票通過任期十二年的共和憲法。同年12月2日正式加冕，他并不是由教皇陛下七世加冕，而是自己將皇冠戴到了頭上。

On June 18， 1815， Napoleon led the French army to start a decisive battle with the Prussian and British allied army at the town of Waterloo in Belgium. For some reasons， the allied army won the decisive victory. Although French army showed great courage， they met with failure. And Napoleons political life and military life came to an end. And meet ones Waterloo is the Synonym of suffering great failure.

1815年6月18日，拿破侖一世率領(lǐng)的法軍對(duì)英普聯(lián)軍在比利時(shí)小鎮(zhèn)滑鐵盧決戰(zhàn)。由于種種原因，英普聯(lián)軍獲得了決定性勝利，雖然法軍表現(xiàn)出了極大的勇敢，卻因種種原因遭到慘敗，拿破侖的政治生命、軍事生涯就此終結(jié)。因此，英語中的meet ones Waterloo 就成了慘遭失敗的同義詞。