邵曉冬,張永國,陳江,王金玲,郭曉鐘,任麗楠(沈陽軍區總醫院,沈陽110016)
·論著·
胃癌細胞herg mRNA、HERG蛋白表達及HERG電流強度變化
邵曉冬,張永國,陳江,王金玲,郭曉鐘,任麗楠(沈陽軍區總醫院,沈陽110016)
摘要:目的探討胃癌細胞herg mRNA、HERG蛋白表達及HERG電流強度的變化的臨床意義。方法培養胃癌細胞(胃癌細胞系SGC7901、MGC803、AGS、MKN45)及永生化胃上皮細胞(GES),取對數生長期細胞用于實驗。采用RT-PCR法檢測herg mRNA表達,Western blot法檢測HERG蛋白表達,采用全細胞膜片鉗技術測定SGC7901及GES的HERG電流強度。結果herg mRNA及其蛋白在4種胃癌細胞系中均有表達,AGS中HERG蛋白表達量低于其他三種細胞系(P均<0.05);GES中無herg mRNA及其蛋白表達。在SGC7901中檢測到HERG電流, GES中未記錄到HERG電流。結論herg mRNA及其蛋白在胃癌細胞系SGC7901、MGC803、AGS、MKN45表達增高,SGC7901中存在HERG電流。HERG蛋白可能參與了胃癌的發生,并與胃癌惡性程度有關。
關鍵詞:胃腫瘤,胃癌;herg基因;HERG蛋白;HERG電流;延遲整流鉀通道;腫瘤形成過程
胃癌的發病機制目前尚未清楚,化療和生物治療效果不理想。近年來,關于鉀離子通道與腫瘤發病關系的研究較多[1~3],其中電壓門控性鉀通道與惡性腫瘤的關系已成為腫瘤研究領域的新熱點。HERG蛋白構成延遲整流性鉀通道的α亞單位,已有研究表明,多種不同組織起源的惡性腫瘤細胞中均可檢測到HERG蛋白及其功能性電流,而正常組織細胞則無HERG蛋白表達[4]。2005年1月~2010年12月,我們對胃癌細胞中herg mRNA及其蛋白進行檢測,并觀察細胞中HERG電流強度的變化,探討HERG蛋白與胃癌發生發展的關系。
1材料與方法
1.1細胞培養永生化胃上皮細胞(GES)引自北京腫瘤研究所。胃癌細胞系SGC7901、MGC803、AGS、MKN45引自軍事醫學科學院。細胞接種于含10% FBS、100 μg/mL青霉素和100 μg/mL鏈霉素的RPMI1640培養液,于37 ℃、5% CO2、95%空氣中常規培養,取對數生長期細胞用于實驗。
1.2檢測項目
1.2.1herg mRNA采用RT-PCR法。引物由上海生工生物工程公司合成。herg上游序列為5′-TCCAGCGGCTGTACTCGGGC-3′,下游序列為5′-TGGACCAGAAGTGGTCGGAGAACTC -3′;以β-actin為內參,上游序列為 5′-GTGGGGCGCCCCAGGCACCA-3′,下游序列為5′-CTCCTTAAGTCACGCACGATTTC-3′。Trizol提取細胞總RNA,驗證所提取RNA的質量,紫外分光光度儀測RNA濃度。反應體系共20 μL:總RNA 1~2 μg,oligo(dT)18 1 μL,無RNA酶的去離子水12 μL,5×反轉錄酶緩沖液4 μL,10 mM dNTPS 2 μL,RNA酶抑制劑1 μL,M-MuLV反轉錄酶 1 μL,獲得cDNA產物。PCR反應體系:cDNA模板1 μL,10×PCR反應緩沖液(含鎂) 5 μL,Taq 酶0.5 μL,10 mM上游引物1 μL,10 mM下游引物1 μL,dNTPs 1 μL,去離子水40.5 μL。反應條件:94 ℃ 10 min,94 ℃ 90 s,65 ℃ 180 s,72 ℃ 90 s,共進行43個循環, 72 ℃延伸10 min。1%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳分離PCR產物。
1.2.2HERG蛋白采用Western blot法。制備細胞總蛋白,分裝后儲于-70 ℃備用;以牛血清白蛋白作為標準品,測定樣品蛋白質濃度。將樣品轉移到經緩沖液浸泡的SDS-PAGE凝膠(0.8 mA/cm2,時間90 min);用麗春紅染液對濾膜進行染色,標記蛋白分子量標準條帶,去離子水洗去染料;濾膜經8%脫脂奶粉于室溫封閉2 h,與4%脫脂奶粉稀釋的抗體(抗HERG 1∶1 000,抗β-actin 1∶5 000)4 ℃孵育過夜,TBST搖洗4次×15 min;與4%脫脂奶粉稀釋的HRP標記的兔抗羊IgG室溫孵育4 h,TBST搖洗4次×15 min;等量混合ECL顯色系統中A+B液,滴加至硝酸纖維素膜;X線膠片感光。以β-actin作為內參,采用Quantity-one軟件計算各樣品HERG蛋白表達水平,進行相對表達量分析。
1.2.3HERG電流檢測前2 h將處于對數生長期的SGC7901及GES細胞消化,接種到剪裁好的載玻片備用。采用全細胞膜片鉗技術測定,pClamp8.0軟件控制反應參數,通過A/D和D/A轉換器與放大器連接。步驟:將電極液灌充到硼硅酸鹽玻璃管,使其電極尖端阻抗為3~5 MΩ,由電極尾部灌充經0.2 μm濾膜過濾的電極內液;在微推進器幫助下,向膜片電極施加正壓同時使電極尖端接近細胞表面;將電位固定在0 mV,連續給予強度為1 mV、間期為10~20 ms的去極化脈沖波,監測電流變化;電極尖端到達細胞表面時,減小應答脈沖波電流,將電極內壓從正壓轉變為弱負壓,使電流進一步減小,即在電極尖端和細胞膜之間形成高阻抗(3~20 GΩ)封接;在細胞吸附狀態下,施加負壓吸引破膜或予電擊破膜;鉗制電位0 mV,將膜電位從-120 mV階梯式改變到20 mV,階躍升幅為20 mV,刺激持續1 s,間歇1 s,刺激頻率為0.2 Hz;記錄跨膜電流,觀察電流變化。通過檢測在細胞培養液中加入HERG蛋白特異阻斷劑cisapride后的電流變化,確定細胞中是否存在HERG電流。

2結果
2.1herg mRNA表達RT-PCR結果顯示,在所檢測的四種人胃癌細胞系MGC803、AGS、MKN45和SGC7901中均有herg mRNA表達,而GES中無herg mRNA表達(見圖1)。

圖1 不同細胞中herg mRNA表達
2.2HERG蛋白表達Western blot結果顯示,GES中無HERG蛋白表達,AGS、SGC7901、MKN45、MGC803中HERG蛋白相對表達量分別為646.33±54.39、1 369.33±40.29、1 335.67±63.62、1 087.33±24.36,AGS中HERG蛋白相對表達量低于其他三種胃癌細胞系(P均<0.05)。
2.3HERG電流SGC7901檢測到HERG電流,GES中則未檢測到HERG電流。
3討論
herg基因定位于7號染色體長臂,含16個外顯子,編碼含1 159個氨基酸的多肽,分子量約127 kD。herg基因的表達產物為HERG蛋白,組成延遲整流性鉀通道的α亞基,該通道電流具有以下特點:①依賴去極化的活化門控開放,快速、超極化依賴的通道失活,導致電導降低,產生內向整流;②對Ⅲ型抗心律失常藥物敏感;③最大電導的細胞外鉀濃度依賴性[5~7]。研究表明,小鼠胎心細胞中HERG電流占絕對優勢,而在成熟心肌細胞則喪失了優勢地位,但當成熟心肌細胞去分化或癌變時,HERG電流則重新占優勢。同樣,在小鼠神經嵴神經元的發育過程中,HERG電流僅在神經元發育極早階段有瞬時表達,而后即被內向整流性鉀電流所取代[8]。HERG電流的上述變化趨勢與臨床常用的胚胎基因相關腫瘤標志物如甲胎蛋白(AFP)、癌胚抗原(CEA)的表達變化具有相似性。有研究發現HERG蛋白表達于多種惡性腫瘤細胞[4],該分子可能對惡性腫瘤的早期診斷具有一定價值。

我們前期研究在三種人白血病細胞中檢測到HERG電流,且電流強度與蛋白豐度相關,證實HERG電流在白血病細胞系增殖中發揮一定作用。本研究觀察了胃癌細胞與GES中herg基因、蛋白表達及HERG電流的變化,結果顯示,herg基因及其蛋白在四種胃癌細胞系中均有表達,在GES中不表達,表明herg基因及其蛋白可能與胃癌發病有關。我們還發現,4種胃癌細胞系中,以致瘤性較低的AGS中HERG蛋白表達量最低,而在分化程度較低的MKN45、MGC803及源于胃癌轉移淋巴結的SGC7901中表達較強,同時在SGC7901中檢測到了HERG電流,提示HERG蛋白可能與胃癌惡性程度及侵襲性有關,這將在后續研究中加以證實。
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Expression of herg gene, protein and changes of HERG current in gastric cancer cells
SHAOXiao-dong,ZHANGYong-guo,CHENJiang,WANGJin-ling,GUOXiao-zhong,RENLi-nan
(GeneralHospitalofShenyangMilitaryCommandArea,Shenyang110016,China)
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of herg gene, HERG protein and HERG current in gastric cancer cells. MethodsGastric cancer cells and gastric epithelial (GES) cells were cultured to logarithmic phase. The expressions of herg mRNA and HERG protein in gastric cancer cells and GES cells were measured by using RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The whole cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique was employed to record HERG currents in various cells. ResultsHERG mRNA and protein were positively expressed in four gastric cancer cell lines. Expression level of HERG protein in AGS cells was lower compared with the other three gastric cancer cell lines (P<0.05). There was negative expression of herg mRNA and HERG protein in GES cell line. HERG current was detected in gastric cancer cell, whereas there was no HERG current in GES cell. ConclusionHerg gene and HERG protein were highly expressed in gastric cancer cells and HERG current was exclusively detected in gastric cancer cells. HERG protein was associated with carcinogenesis of gastric cancer and may serve as a diagnostic marker for gastric cancer.
Key words:stomach neoplasms; human ether-a-go-go-related gene; HERG protein; HERG current; delayed rectifier potassium channel; neoplastic processes
(收稿日期:2014-08-09)
通信作者簡介:任麗楠(1973-),女,副主任醫師,研究方向為胃腸道惡性腫瘤的發生機制。E-mail: ren_li_nan@hotmail.com
作者簡介:第一邵曉冬(1970-),男,副主任醫師,研究方向為胃癌發生機制。E-mail: sxdsys608@sohu.com
基金項目:國家自然科學基金資助項目(30400204)。
中圖分類號:R735.2
文獻標志碼:A
文章編號:1002-266X(2015)02-0001-04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2015.02.001