尉耘翠,祝茸,夏麗莉,劉芬,何燕
(首都醫科大學公共衛生學院,北京100069)
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超重及肥胖人群中不同胰島素抵抗計算指數準確性評價
尉耘翠,祝茸,夏麗莉,劉芬,何燕
(首都醫科大學公共衛生學院,北京100069)
摘要:目的觀察不同胰島素抵抗(IR)計算指數評價超重及肥胖人群中IR的準確性,尋找超重及肥胖人群更為理想的判定臨界值。方法研究對象為406例超重及肥胖的非糖尿病患者,計算納入者的穩態模型胰島素抵抗指數(HOMA-IR)、定量胰島素敏感性檢測指數(QUICKI)、McAuley指數(McA),以空腹胰島素≥12 mIU/L為IR金標準,評價各指數判定IR的準確性。結果 406例超重及肥胖者中,IR 114例、非IR 292例。以HOMA-IR≥2.6判定IR時,IR 138例、非IR 268例,其靈敏度為94.74%、特異度為89.73%,約登指數為0.84;以HOMA-IR≥2.68作為判定切點時,其靈敏度為93.3%、特異度為92.9%,約登指數為0.86。以QUICKI≤0.339判定IR時,IR 210例、非IR196例,其靈敏度為100%、特異度為67.12%,約登指數為0.67;以QUICKI≤0.335作為判定切點時,其靈敏度為79.8%、特異度為99.0%,約登指數為0.79。以McA≤5.8判定IR時,IR 403例、非IR3例,其靈敏度為98.25%、特異度為0.34%,約登指數為-1.41;以McA≤4.29作為判定切點時,其靈敏度為78.0%、特異度為82.9%,約登指數為0.61。 結論在超重及肥胖人群中HOMA-IR能更準確地評估IR;在這部分人群中判定IR時應考慮肥胖及脂代謝對胰島素水平的影響作用,適當調整判定臨界值,以便能提高評價IR的準確性。
關鍵詞:超重;肥胖;胰島素抵抗;胰島素抵抗指數;穩態模型胰島素抵抗指數;定量胰島素敏感性檢測指數;McAuley指數
北京市自然科學基金資助項目(713202)。
近年肥胖的發生率逐年上升[1]。研究發現,其與胰島素抵抗(IR)有關[2]。目前,IR的判定金標準為高胰島素正葡萄糖鉗夾技術[3],但此法操作復雜,臨床普及困難。目前,大量研究采用空腹胰島素(FINS)≥12 mIU/L作為判定非糖尿病人群IR最為理想的指標[4.5]。另外,學者還提出多項IR簡易指數,如穩態模型胰島素抵抗指數(HOMA-IR)[6]、定量胰島素敏感性檢測指數(QUICKI)[7]及McAuley指數(McA)[8]等。但是,以上指標評價多基于全人群基礎,超重及肥胖人群仍缺乏準確的IR效能評價標準。2014年5月~2015年8月,我們分析了HOMA-IR、QUICKI、McA評估超重及肥胖人群IR的靈敏度及特異度,旨在尋找判定IR的理想臨界值,為臨床早期預防IR提供依據。現報告如下。
1資料與方法
1.1臨床資料納入標準:年齡≥20歲,BMI≥24 kg/m2,自愿參加,未口服影響糖、脂代謝藥物,近3個月內未進行任何節食或減肥者。排除標準:患有內分泌疾病、肝腎疾病者。研究對象為406例超重及肥胖的非糖尿病患者,其中男252例、女154例,年齡20~67(43.97±10.28)歲;超重395例,肥胖11例; BMI 24.00~30.86 kg/m2,腰圍/臀圍比0.70~1.01。
1.2HOMA-IR、QUICKI、McA判定IR的效能分析10 h過夜禁食后于次日清晨抽取靜脈血2 mL,采用葡萄糖氧化酶方法測定空腹血糖(FBG),采用標準酶分光光度技術測定HDL-C、LDL-C、TC、TG,采用ELISA法測定FINS。根據上述結果計算HOMA-IR、 QUICKI、McA。計算公式:HOMA-IR= FINS×(FBG/22.5);QUICKI= 1/(logFINS+logFBG);McA=exp(2.63-0.28lnFINS-0.31lnTG)。當HOMA-IR≥2.6、QUICKI≤0.339、McA≤5.8被認定為IR。以FINS≥12 μU/L值為金標準[4,5]評價HOMA-IR、 QUICKI、McA指數判定IR的靈敏度及特異度。
1.3統計學方法采用SPSS17.0統計軟件。采用ROC曲線分析法判定診斷界限值。P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2結果
以FINS≥12 μU/L值為金標準,406例超重及肥胖者中IR 114例、非IR 292例。以HOMA-IR≥2.6判定IR時,IR 138例、非IR 268例;其靈敏度為94.74%、特異度為89.73%,約登指數為0.84,ROC曲線下面積(AUC)為0.98(95%CI:0.97~0.99,P≤0.001)。當以HOMA-IR≥2.68作為判定切點時,其靈敏度為93.3%、特異度為92.9%,約登指數為0.86。以QUICKI≤0.339判定IR時,IR 210例、非IR196例;其靈敏度為100%、特異度為67.12%,約登指數為0.67,AUC為0.96(95%CI:0.95~0.98,P<0.01)。當以QUICKI≤0.335作為判定切點時,其靈敏度為79.8%、特異度為99.0%,約登指數為0.79。以McA≤5.8判定IR時,IR 403例、非IR3例;其靈敏度為98.25%、特異度為0.34%,約登指數為-1.41;AUC為0.96(95%CI:0.95~0.98,P<0.01)。當以McA≤4.29作為判定切點時,其靈敏度為78.0%、特異度為82.9%,約登指數為0.61。
3討論
大量研究表明,肥胖、高血壓、糖尿病等與IR相關的多種疾病均與FINS水平密切相關[9]。在非糖尿病人群中,FINS與高胰島素正糖鉗夾技術測定的葡萄糖代謝率相關性較好,可用以準確預測機體IR的程度[4]。權威研究將FINS作為最簡單有效的IR指標,但糖尿病患者FINS與金標準相關性較差。其主要原因是FINS水平由胰島素分泌和胰島素敏感性二者共同決定,而糖尿病患者即使已呈顯著IR狀態,但會由于胰島素分泌缺陷而使胰島素水平不高。因此,糖尿病人群不宜采用FINS作為IR判定標準。以往研究發現,FINS水平與BMI及TG水平均存在顯著正相關。現有研究表明,這種相關性不僅與BMI相關,還在很大程度上與脂肪分布情況相關。因此,向心性肥胖的患者更容易患代謝綜合征[10]。成年人降低體質量可降低胰島素水平,增加胰島素敏感性,提示減輕體質量對防止IR的發生具有一定作用[11]。目前,幾種IR計算指標的標準設定均基于全人群基礎,未考慮脂代謝的作用。因此,超重及肥胖人群IR臨界值的選擇應更為保守。
HOMA-IR是另一種被廣泛使用的IR指標。既往研究[12,13]在大樣本中驗證了HOMA-IR與胰島素鉗夾技術測定結果具有較好相關性,可較好地用于臨床和流行病學調查[14]。目前,國內多項IR相關研究以所研究人群HOMA-IR 的P75值作為IR判定界值,發現其臨界變化很大,也有研究認為其參考值應因性別、年齡而異[15]。國外研究常以HOMA-IR≥2.6或近似值作為IR的參考值,變化范圍較小。本研究發現,相對于QUICKI及McA指數,HOMA-IR判定IR的準確性更好。多項研究顯示,HOMA-IR在檢驗IR程度具有較高的靈敏度和特異度,且比QUICKI更為可靠[16]。Conwell等[17]也報道了相似結果,不同時點的HOMA-IR與胰島素敏感性呈現顯著負相關。兒童及青少年人群中FINS、HOMA-IR、QUICKI與靜脈葡萄糖耐量實驗結果也具有強相關性。本研究發現,超重及肥胖人群中HOMA-IR判定IR準確定最好,而當HOMA-IR≥2.68時其判定IR的準確性最佳。
前期研究表明,QUICKI在不同時間點與敏感性呈顯著正相關[17]。本研究中以常用標準QUICKI≤0.339來判定IR時特異度較低。進一步分析我們發現,在超重及肥胖人群中以QUICKI≤0.335作為IR判定切點為時,其準確性最好。因此,超重及肥胖人群判定IR時應考慮降低臨界值。而McA指數也是檢驗IR較為準確的間接指標,尤其是在葡萄糖代謝最小估計模型下其靈敏度和特異度都很高[8,18]。以目前常用標準McA≤5.8判定超重及肥胖人群IR時,特異度僅為0.34%,提示在中國超重及肥胖人群中此IR判定界值偏高,特異度較低,應合理下調判定切點。我們發現在超重及肥胖人群中,當以McA≤4.29作為判定切點時其判定IR準確性最好,能更可靠地判定IR人群,有助于開展代謝性疾病的早期預防。
綜上所述,超重及肥胖人群中HOMA-IR具有更好的IR判定準確性,在這部分人群中判定IR時應考慮肥胖及脂代謝對胰島素水平的影響作用,適當調整判定臨界值,以便為IR的早發現、早預防提供準確依據。
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Evaluation of different indices of insulin resistance in overweight and
obese population
YUYun-cui,ZHURong,XIALi-li,LIUFen,HEYan
(CapitalMedicalUniversity,Beijing100069,China)
Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the accuracy of several indices in assessing insulin resistance (IR) in the overweight/obesity population and to find more desirable cut-off point of IR. Methods This study involved 406 overweight/obesity participants without overt diabetes. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and McAuley index (McA index) were calculated and compared with fasting insulin levels (FINS) (≥12 mIU/L, which was the reference criteria for determined IR). ResultsOf the 406 participants, 114 cases of IR and 292 cases of non-IR were found. When using HOMA-IR≥2.6 as the cut-off point of IR, there were 138 cases of IR and 268 cases of non-IR. The sensitivity was 94.74% and the specificity was 89.73%. Youden index was 0.84. When using HOMA-IR≥2.68 as the cut-off point, the sensitivity and specificity was 93.3% and 92.9%, respectively. Youden index was elevated to 0.86. When using QUICKI≤0.339 as the cut-off point of IR, there were 210 cases of IR and 196 cases of non-IR. The sensitivity was 100% and the specificity was 67.12%. Youden index was 0.67. When using QUICKI≤0.335 as the cut-off point, the sensitivity and specificity was 79.8% and 99.0%, respectively. Youden index was increased to 0.79. When using McA≤5.8 as the cut-off point of IR, there were 403 cases of IR and 3 cases of non-IR. The sensitivity was 98.25% and the specificity was only 0.34%. Youden index was -1.41. When using McA≤4.29 as the cut-off point, the sensitivity and specificity was 78.0% and 82.9%, respectively. Youden index was increased to 0.61. ConclusionsHOMA-IR is more accurate in detecting IR in overweight/obese population. The thresholds of these three indices in overweight/obese population should be adjusted appropriately considering the influence of obesity and lipid metabolism on insulin levels to increase the accuracy in evaluating IR.
Key words:overweight; obesity; insulin resistance; insulin resistance index; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index; quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; McAuley index
收稿日期:(2015-09-10)
通信作者簡介:何燕(1962-),女,博士,教授,博士生導師,主要研究方向為慢性病流行病學。E-mail: yanhe1220@126.com
作者簡介:第一尉耘翠(1990-),女,碩士研究生在讀,主要研究方向為慢性病流行病學。E-mail: yuyuncui7@126.com
基金項目:國家自然科學基金資助項目(30971178, 30670778);“十二五”國家科技支撐計劃重點資助項目(2015BAI09B01);
中圖分類號:R181.3
文獻標志碼:A
文章編號:1002-266X(2015)46-0014-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2015.46.005