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9 Treasures of Europe (II) 歐洲九大珍寶(下)

2015-04-29 00:00:00
新東方英語 2015年4期

甜蜜的布魯塞爾巧克力、色香味俱佳的布達佩斯紅椒粉、精美的佛羅倫薩絲綢、芬芳的伊斯坦布爾洛肯香水、令人賞心悅目的里斯本瓷磚……如果上期我們介紹的這些歐洲傳統珍寶讓你意猶未盡的話,那本期就請隨我們繼續歐洲的旅程,去看看那里還有哪些珍寶讓你眼界大開。

“Americans are not always sure what to do with hats,” said Rachel Trevor-Morgan, who was seated in the second-floor showroom of her millinery1) at 18 Crown Passage. This tiny lane is one of the oldest pedestrian streets in central London, complete with2) gas lamps—a suitable setting for one of the oldest industries in England.

Ms. Trevor-Morgan was surrounded by hats of all shapes (wide-brimmed, pillbox3), beret), in materials like silk taffeta, wool houndstooth4), velour felt, straw and lace. Embellishments included peacock or spiky5) feathers, silk flowers or sheer veils, bows or curls.

“The point is to feel beautiful, not silly,” said Ms. Trevor-Morgan, who has designed some 65 hats for Queen Elizabeth over the last decade and creates bespoke6) hats for all occasions.

Just below her store is Lock amp; Company, which claims to be the oldest hat shop in the world. Established in 1676 and famous for topping the heads of Adm. Lord Nelson7) and Winston Churchill, it can be perused by men and women alike looking for everything from rain hats to a fedora8) to a faux fur hat.

Some celebrities are gravitating9) to the milliner Jess Collett, whose shop in the heart of the trendy Notting Hill area she likens to a “candy store.” Her clients include Thandie Newton and Kate Hudson, as well as the royal sisters Princesses Eugenie and Beatrice. Her hats have a playful, theatrical feel.

“I want everyone to want to wear a hat,” Ms. Collett said. “It automatically makes you more interesting.”

Crossing the threshold of one of Madrid’s storied10) guitar makers’ workshops can feel like stepping into the past. Curly wood shavings, from the palest pine to ebony, cascade to the floor as artisans hone a few humble planks into acoustic works of art. It’s painstaking work—all done by hand—with classical guitar models and the methods of making them changing little over the last century. The monthly production of even the most seasoned craftsmen typically maxes out at two instruments per month.

The finished products will someday go out the door, gleaming with varnish11) and polished metal fittings, to seduce audiences from stages around the globe. But here in Madrid, the tiny workrooms and the simple tools—as well as the last names of the artisans employing them—have often not changed in generations.

A guitar’s colorful mix of woods is less an aesthetic choice than a science. Each element of the instrument’s anatomy12) has specific physical and acoustic demands, and its maker knows which woods can accomplish each function. It’s fascinating to consider that the materials for today’s instruments may have been purchased by the artisans’ fathers 30 or 40 years ago, just as the German spruce13) and Canadian cedar14) today’s guitarreros acquire will sit drying for decades until it’s suitable to be turned into guitars by their children or grandchildren.

“Can you picture how drop-dead15) gorgeous this city is in the rain?” So muses the American tourist Gil Pender, played by Owen Wilson, in Woody Allen’s Midnight in Paris16).

When you’re ready to find out, stop at Parasolerie Heurtault, a haven17) of handmade, high-end umbrellas in myriad18) materials and styles made by the craftsman Michel Heurtault.

After a career making costumes for films, theatrical productions, historical balls and French fashion houses, Mr. Heurtault in 2008 opened his atelier19)-boutique to devote himself to the devices that had fascinated him since youth. “By 8 years old,” Mr. Heurtalt said, “I could take them apart fully and put them back together again.”

Using both modern and centuries-old machines and tools, he and an assistant construct the shop’s wares. Fine and rare woods form the shafts. Handles range from sewn leather to engraved silver to carved wood inlaid with horn or jewels. Linen, cotton or silk—all treated to be impermeable20) to water and ultraviolet rays—are cut and sewn into the canopies, which might be adorned with lace, ribbon, embroidery or even ostrich feathers.

To tap your inner Audrey, the Hepburn model is made from striped black and white fabric with black lace trim. The slim, straight beechwood stem and handle allow for easy twirling. The Dorléac is named after the actress Fran?oise Dorléac21) "and sports a red sequin web under its black silk canopy. For protection from the elements22) (and paparazzi23)), the VIP features a deep bell-shaped canopy.

To know Sarajevo, you must understand the importance of coffee. Making traditional kafa (coffee)—introduced here soon after the Ottoman Empire conquered the Kingdom of Bosnia in 1463—is a process. Grounds24) are roasted in a dzezva before adding boiling water. When the froth25) foams to the top, the rich brew is poured into a small, handleless china cup known as a fildzan, which sits in a copper zarf26). The world grinds to a halt27). Cigarettes are lit. Conversations take hushed28) tones.

The ritual that is Bosanska (Bosnian) kafa is lost on29) many tourists as they navigate the beehive of trinket-peddling30) hawkers in the cobblestone alleys of Bascarsija, the Ottoman Quarter. But a trained ear can make out craftsmen coaxing copper into vessels used for preparing and drinking Sarajevo’s beloved beverage.

On Kazandziluk (or coppersmith’s) Street, find the wooden fountain in Bascarsija’s main square. Midway down the narrow flagstone avenue, Muhamed Husejnovic sits in his shop, Kazandzijska Radnja, hammer-pinging coffee sets, as Bosnians have done for 500 years.

“This work is not respected like it once was,” said Mr. Husejnovic, whose family business goes back more than 200 years. “For every 100 cheap coffee sets sold in Bascarsija, I sell one.”

Purchase in hand, make your way to Cajdzinica Dzirlo, a cafe that serves kafa the old way, in individual-size dzezvas. Then, on a terrace31) overlooking Bascarsija, fill your fildzan, and heed the words of Diana Dzirlo, the cafe’s owner: “A coffee must take at least half an hour just to sit and enjoy.”

“美國人并不總是清楚該怎么戴帽子。”瑞秋·特萊福-摩根說道,她坐在自己位于皇冠路18號女帽店二樓的展覽室內。這條小路是倫敦市中心最古老的步行街之一,那里裝著煤氣燈——對于英格蘭最古老的行業之一來說,這種背景非常搭調。

特萊福-摩根女士的四周是各種形狀的帽子(寬邊帽、小圓帽、貝雷帽),帽子的用料有真絲塔夫綢、千鳥格羊毛、絨氈、稻草和蕾絲。使用的裝飾包括孔雀羽毛或錐形羽毛,絹花或輕紗,蝴蝶結或卷飾。

“問題的關鍵是覺得美麗,而不是傻氣。”特萊福-摩根女士說。在過去十年中,她為伊麗莎白女王設計過大約65頂帽子,并針對各種不同場合制作定制的帽子。

在她家店鋪的樓下是洛克制帽公司,據稱它是世界上歷史最悠久的帽子店。該公司創辦于1676年,以其為海軍上將納爾遜勛爵和溫斯頓·丘吉爾做過帽子而聞名。無論是男士還是女士,也不管是想要什么樣的帽子,從雨帽、淺頂卷檐軟呢帽到人造皮毛帽,都可以到這家店好好逛逛。

有些名人青睞于女帽商杰斯·科利特,其店鋪位于時尚的諾丁山區域的心臟地帶,她將自己的店鋪比喻為“糖果店”。她的客戶有英國演員桑迪·牛頓和美國演員凱特·哈德森以及皇室公主姐妹尤金妮和比阿特麗斯。她制作的帽子有種俏皮又夸張的感覺。

“我希望每個人都想戴頂帽子,”科利特女士說,“帽子自然而然地讓你更有趣。”

跨過門檻,進入馬德里一家傳說中有名的吉他作坊就仿佛重返過去。當工匠把幾塊不起眼的厚木板刨成聲學藝術品時,刨出來的卷曲刨花——從顏色最淺的松木到烏木——如瀑布般傾瀉在地板上。這是項艱辛的工作,全部是手工完成,采用的是傳統的吉他模型和100多年來幾乎沒有改變過的制作方法。即便是經驗最豐富的工匠,通常每個月至多也只能生產兩件樂器。

某一天,油漆明亮、金屬配件閃光的成品將走出店門,在全球各地的舞臺上吸引著觀眾。但是在馬德里這個地方,那些局促的工作間和簡單的工具——以及使用它們的工匠的姓氏——往往世世代代都不改變。

一把吉他薈萃了各種顏色的木料,這與其說是美學上的選擇,還不如說是一門科學。樂器結構中的每個組件都有特定的物理和聲學要求,而樂器的制作者知道哪些木料能夠實現哪一種功能。想想這是件多么有趣的事情:今天制作樂器所用的材料可能是工匠的父輩在三四十年前就采購好的,就像現在的吉他制作者采購的德國云杉與加拿大雪松,將會放置幾十年,使其干燥,直至成為適合制成吉他的木材,再由他們的子女或孫輩用來制成樂器。

“你能想象這座城市在雨中是多么迷人嗎?”在伍迪·艾倫執導的電影《午夜巴黎》中,歐文·威爾遜扮演的美國游客吉爾·彭德若有所思地如此說道。

如果你將要探明雨中巴黎的模樣,那就造訪一下厄爾托陽傘店吧。這里出售難得一見的高端手工傘,材質多樣,風格各異,由工匠米歇爾·厄爾托制作而成。

厄爾托先生之前專職為電影、戲劇、歷史主題舞會和法國時裝公司制作服裝。2008年,他創辦了自己的精品工作室,致力于制作他從小就癡迷的傘具。厄爾托先生說道:“我八歲時,就能夠把傘完全拆開,然后再重新組裝起來。”

他和一位助理打造店中的產品,使用的機器和工具既有現代的,也有具有數百年歷史的。傘柄由精美而稀有的木材制成。傘把的樣式豐富,有的縫著羽毛,有的帶著雕刻的銀飾,有的則是鑲嵌著牛角或珠寶的木雕。傘面由經過防水與防紫外線處理的亞麻布、棉布或絲綢剪裁與縫紉而成,并可能會用蕾絲、緞帶、刺繡甚至鴕鳥羽毛加以裝飾。

為了喚起你內心的奧黛麗,赫本同款的傘用黑白條紋織物加黑色蕾絲邊制成。修長而筆挺的櫸木傘柄和傘把很容易旋轉。朵列傘得名于女演員弗朗索瓦·朵列,在黑絲綢的傘面之下罩著引人注目的紅色亮片絲網。為了保護用戶,使其免遭惡劣天氣(和狗仔隊)的侵襲,貴賓傘的特點是鐘形縱深傘面。

想了解薩拉熱窩,你必須明白咖啡的重要性。1463年奧斯曼帝國征服波斯尼亞王國之后不久,咖啡被引入到這里。傳統咖啡的烹制有一套流程。首先得把咖啡渣放在咖啡壺內烤熟,然后再倒入開水。當泡沫升到壺口時,就可以把濃香的咖啡倒進被稱為fildzan的無柄小瓷杯中,杯子放在一個黃銅托盤內。世界慢慢停了下來,香煙點燃,對話變得輕聲細語。

在奧斯曼區的土耳其老城區鋪滿鵝卵石的街巷里,密密麻麻都是兜售小飾品的商販,許多游客在其間穿行,沒有留意到波斯尼亞咖啡的儀式。但訓練有素的耳朵能夠聽出,有工匠正在耐心地將銅制作成器皿,用于烹制和飲用薩拉熱窩人摯愛的飲料。

在銅匠街,找到土耳其老城區主廣場上的木制噴泉。在狹窄的石板道的中途,穆罕默德·胡塞努維克坐在自己名為勞德尼約壺具的店鋪里,用錘子噼噼砰砰地打造咖啡用具,波斯尼亞人500年來一直都是這么做的。

“這項工作如今并不像當年那樣受尊重,”胡塞努維克先生說,他的家族企業擁有200多年的歷史,“巴斯卡斯加大市場賣出的每100套便宜咖啡用具中就有一套是從我這賣出的。”

手中拿著買到的東西,你可以一路來到卡茲尼卡·季洛。這是一家以傳統方式供應咖啡的咖啡館,使用單人大小的咖啡壺。然后,一邊在露臺上俯瞰巴斯卡斯加大市場,一邊往無柄小瓷杯里倒滿咖啡,然后聽從咖啡館老板迪亞娜·季洛的話:“一杯咖啡,至少要用半個小時的時間坐下來品嘗。”

1. millinery [?m?l?n(?)ri] n. 女帽店;女帽制造業

2. complete with:裝備有……

3. pillbox [?p?l?b?ks] n. (無邊平頂的)筒狀女帽

4. houndstooth [?ha?ndztu?θ] n. 千鳥格,犬牙織紋

5. spiky [?spa?ki] adj. 錐形的;尖的

6. bespoke [b??sp??k] adj. (尤指衣服)定做的

7. Adm. Lord Nelson:海軍上將納爾遜勛爵(1758~1805),英國海軍統帥,曾為英國建立海上霸權和爭奪海外殖民地做出貢獻。

8. fedora [f??d??r?] n. 淺頂卷檐軟呢帽

9. gravitate [?ɡr?v?te?t] vi. 受吸引,被吸引

10. storied [?st??rid] adj. 歷史上(或傳說中)有名的

11. varnish [?vɑ?(r)n??] n. 清漆,罩光漆

12. anatomy [??n?t?mi] n. 結構

13. spruce [spru?s] n. 云杉

14. cedar [?si?d?(r)] n. 雪松

15. drop-dead:非常;驚人地

16. Midnight in Paris:《午夜巴黎》(2011),一部以法國巴黎為背景的浪漫喜劇和奇幻電影,由伍迪·艾倫編劇并執導。

17. haven [?he?v(?)n] n. 庇護所,避難所;提供有利機會(或條件)的地方

18. myriad:請參見45頁注釋5。

19. atelier [??telie?] n. 工作室

20. impermeable [?m?p??(r)mi?b(?)l] adj. 不能透過的

21. Fran?oise Dorléac:弗朗索瓦·朵列,法國的一名傳奇女星

22. the elements:天氣(尤指大風、大雨等惡劣天氣)

23. paparazzi [?p?p??r?tsi] n. 追逐名人的攝影記者;狗仔隊

24. ground [ɡra?nd] n. 咖啡渣

25. froth [fr?θ] n. 泡沫

26. zarf [zɑ?(r)f] n. (地中海東部各國使用的用以承托無柄熱咖啡杯的)裝飾性金屬杯形托

27. grind to a halt:慢慢停了下來

28. hushed [h??t] adj. 安靜的

29. be lost on:未被……注意到,未被……欣賞

30. peddle [?ped(?)l] vt. (沿街)叫賣,兜售

31. terrace [?ter?s] n. 露臺

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