●沈寒梅
在江蘇英語高考題型中,任務型閱讀總分10 分,該題型主要考查學生根據所提供閱讀材料的信息解決實際問題的能力。如何提高學生的任務型閱讀能力,順應高考改革的新趨勢?本文著力從以下幾個方面談談如何讓學生更好地完成任務型閱讀題。
任務型閱讀是由文字和圖表共同組成的,先給出一篇短文,可能是記敘文、說明文或議論文,題材廣泛。圖表一般分為樹狀形,表格式,太陽式。樹狀形一般是先總后分,表格式對比推進,太陽式由點到面。要求學生在讀懂所給材料的基礎上,進一步分析、總結、概括、歸納文中的信息,并把與之有關的詞匯正確填在橫線上。
任務型閱讀填詞一般包括使用原詞,變形轉換,總結概括。
2.1 使用原詞是最簡單的,也是學生們最喜歡的。如:
In 2003, a Chinese doctor, Dr Yuan Minsheng, found that aspirin could reduce blood sugar levels and, therefore, help people with diabetes.
Aspirin It can reduce blood sugar levels,thus helping people with _______.
本題直接填上原詞diabetes。
2.2 變性轉換一般分為前綴和后綴轉換,同義詞和反義詞轉換,詞性轉換,句子結構轉換,另選其它詞來釋義。
They have no TVs or refrigerators because their homes do not have electricity --- they do not think it is necessary.
They think homes do not have electricity--- they think it’s _______.
答案是unnecessary。
Unfortunately, the number of vehicles on the road caused unbelievable traffic jams.
The number of vehicles on the road_______ to unbelievable traffic jams.
答案是led to。
In 1854, the British government gave approval to the construction by the Metropolitan Railway Company of an underground railway in the centre of London.
In 1854, the British government _______ the construction.
答案是approved。
This study shows that people who spent too much time on the Internet tends to withdraw from the people and the world round them.
Some students _______ too much time on the Internet tends to withdraw from the people and the world round them.
答案是spending。
Now, instead of spending time together in the evening, some families spend their time apart because one or more members are using the computer, or are in a booth at an Internet café.
Some families spend _______time together because of using the computer.
答案是spend less time。
任務型閱讀的解題思路一般是理解文章,分析表格,定位信息,分析整合信息,選擇合適詞匯表達。具體步驟方法是略讀,掃讀,細讀,復讀。略讀即瀏覽全文,確定主題,理清框架結構和段落大意。掃讀:掃讀圖表,分析表格結構和內容,明確任務要求。細讀:帶著問題深入閱讀,定位所需信息,分析整合、轉換概括、準確表達。復讀:認真校對,糾正錯誤。在解題時我們需要重視文章段落和表格層次的一一對應。如文章段落主題句和表格里的小標題,文章段落細節和表格詳細內容,文章細節內容和表格小標題。做完后我們需要審核注意詞的大小寫、單復數、關注詞形、詞性和動詞的正確形式,準確表達。
任務型閱讀相對來說是一種新型的高考題型,它是閱讀理解和考生英語基礎知識考查的綜合。只有重視對任務型閱讀題型的訓練,立足雙基,夯實基礎,領會做題步驟,教給解題方法,注重解題能力的訓練與培養,遵循循序漸進及有效閱讀的原則,那么任務型閱讀完全可以成為能夠拿到高分的題型。