王剛濤,張旭輝,張衛東,夏磊
蛻皮甾酮對脂多糖誘導兔軟骨細胞損傷的保護作用
王剛濤,張旭輝△,張衛東,夏磊
目的 探討蛻皮甾酮(EDS)對脂多糖(LPS)誘導的兔軟骨細胞損傷的保護作用及其機制。方法 體外分離、培養兔關節軟骨細胞,隨機分為對照組、LPS誘導損傷組(LPS組),蛻皮甾酮干預組(LPS+EDS組)。MTT法和流式細胞術分別檢測各組細胞增殖率及細胞凋亡率;RT-PCR和Western blot檢測軟骨細胞中誘導型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表達;硝酸還原酶法和ELISA法分別檢測各組NO及白細胞介素(IL)-1β含量。結果 與對照組相比,LPS組細胞增殖率降低,凋亡率升高,iNOS mRNA和蛋白表達量以及NO和IL-1β含量增高(均P<0.05)。LPS+EDS組較LPS組細胞增殖率升高,凋亡率降低,iNOS mRNA和蛋白表達量及NO和IL-1β的含量降低(均P<0.05)。結論蛻皮甾酮對LPS誘導的兔軟骨細胞損傷具有保護作用,其保護作用可能與抑制iNOS表達有關。
蛻皮甾酮;軟骨細胞;脂多糖類;細胞增殖;細胞凋亡;白細胞介素1β;誘導型一氧化氮合酶
軟骨損傷是導致骨關節炎發生的重要因素[1]。目前骨關節炎治療多用西藥,療效不明顯且不良反應較多,近年來中藥治療骨關節炎因其不良反應少而成為研究熱點。蛻皮甾酮(ecdysterone,EDS)是一類植物甾酮,是牛膝等骨關節中藥類藥物的重要活性成分。研究表明蛻皮甾酮影響骨關節疾病的發生發展[2]。本研究以蛻皮甾酮為研究對象,通過構建軟骨細胞損傷模型,研究蛻皮甾酮對脂多糖(LPS)誘導軟骨細胞損傷的保護作用,并探討其作用機制,為骨關節炎的合理用藥提供實驗依據。
1.1 材料 新西蘭兔6只,4周齡,體質量2.5~3.0 kg,購自浙江大學醫學實驗動物中心。EDS和LPS購自Sigma公司;胎牛血清(FBS)、DMEM培養基、青霉素、鏈霉素、Ⅱ型膠原酶購于Gibco公司。AV/PI雙染凋亡檢測試劑盒購于BD公司;NO檢測試劑盒購于南京建成生物工程研究所;兔白細胞介素(IL)-1β ELISA檢測試劑盒購于R&D Systems公司;羊抗兔誘導型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和β-actin一抗、辣根過氧化物酶(HRP)標記的鼠抗羊二抗購自Pierce公司。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 兔關節軟骨細胞的分離與培養 采用耳緣靜脈空氣注射法迅速處死新西蘭兔,無菌條件下截取雙側膝關節面軟骨。將軟骨置于含100 g/L青霉素、100 g/L鏈霉素的PBS中洗滌3次,眼科剪剪碎至0.5~1.0 mm3的組織塊。將剪碎的軟骨組織置于培養瓶中,加入5 mL 0.25%的胰蛋白酶,5% CO2、37℃消化1 h。移液管吸出胰蛋白酶,加入5 mL 0.2%Ⅱ型膠原酶,振蕩繼續消化16 h,每6~8 h收集1次細胞。用200目濾網收集消化完全的軟骨細胞,1 500 r/min離心5 min,棄上清,PBS清洗后800 r/min離心10 min再次去除上清。加入含20%FBS的DMEM培養基,0.25%臺盼藍染色,活細胞率大于90%,則進行傳代培養。原代軟骨細胞以1× 105個/mL接種于含10%FBS的DMEM培養基中,5%CO2、37℃常規培養。
1.2.2 實驗分組 實驗選取第3代兔軟骨細胞,以低血清(0.5%)DMEM培養,待細胞生長至80%融合后,加藥干預。細胞分為3組:對照組、LPS組(10 mg/L LPS)、LPS+EDS組(10 mg/L LPS+100 μmol/L EDS)。LPS和EDS均以不含FBS的DMEM稀釋至所需濃度。分組處理48 h、72 h后進行后續指標檢測。
1.2.3 MTT法檢測細胞增殖率 各組細胞以6×104個/孔接種于96孔板,每組設3個復孔。加藥處理后繼續培養48、72 h,棄去培養液,每孔加入MTT(5 g/L)20 μL,于37℃培養4 h。棄上清,每孔加入150 μL二甲基亞砜(DMSO),振蕩10 min使結晶充分溶解,以490 nm波長于酶標儀上檢測各組細胞吸光度值(A490),計算細胞增殖率,細胞增殖率=處理組A490/對照組A490×100%。
1.2.4 細胞凋亡檢測 細胞分組培養48 h后以預冷的PBS洗滌2次,加入胰酶消化重懸后,立即加入AnnexinⅤ-FITC (5 mg/L)10 μL和PI 5 μL,振蕩混勻后37℃避光孵育30 min。加入300μL結合緩沖液混合后流式細胞儀檢測各細胞凋亡率,每組實驗重復3次。
1.2.5 RT-PCR檢測iNOS mRNA表達 培養48 h后收集細胞,Trizol法提取總RNA,紫外分光光度計測定RNA的純度及濃度,逆轉錄成cDNA后PCR擴增iNOS。擴增條件:95℃2 min;95℃1 min,64℃1 min,72℃1 min,35個循環;72℃10 min。引物序列:iNOS上游5′-CCT TGTTCAGCTACGCCT TC-3′,下游5′-CATGGTGAACACGTTCTTGG-3′;內參β-actin上游5′-CTCCATCCTGGCCTCGCTGT-3′,下游5′-GCTGTCACCTTCACCGTTCC-3′。取5 μL擴增產物行瓊脂糖凝膠電泳,自動凝膠成像分析儀分析。實驗結果以目的基因灰度值/內參灰度值表示。
1.2.6 Western blot檢測iNOS蛋白表達 培養48 h后收集細胞,提取細胞總蛋白,BCA法測定蛋白濃度。以β-actin為內參,取120 μg的總蛋白行SDS-PAGE,電泳后轉膜,先后結合羊抗兔iNOS一抗(1∶1 000)和HRP標記的鼠抗羊二抗(1∶100),最后X線片曝光分析,結果采用Image-Pro Plus分析,以iNOS與內參β-actin的灰度值比值作為iNOS的相對表達量,重復3次后進行統計分析。
1.2.7 NO和IL-1β檢測 收集待測兔軟骨細胞培養上清,NO含量采用硝酸還原酶法,操作步驟嚴格按照試劑盒說明書,用半自動生化儀測定。IL-1β含量采用ELISA法,按試劑盒操作說明,酶標儀測定A490值。
1.2.8 統計學方法 采用SPSS 13.0進行統計分析,計量資料以±s表示,多組間均數比較采用單因素方差分析,組間多重比較采用Tukey檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2.1 細胞增殖率比較 與對照組相比,LPS組細胞48 h與72 h后細胞增殖率明顯下降(均P<0.05)。與LPS組相比,LPS+EDS組細胞增殖率明顯升高(P<0.05),LPS+EDS組與對照組細胞增殖率差異無統計學意義,見表1。
Tab.1 Comparison of the cell proliferation among three groups表1 各組細胞增殖率比較 (n=3,±s)

Tab.1 Comparison of the cell proliferation among three groups表1 各組細胞增殖率比較 (n=3,±s)
**P<0.01;a與對照組相比,b與LPS組相比,P<0.05;圖1、表2、3同
組別48 h72 h對照組0.64±0.030.72±0.03 LPS組0.21±0.05a0.22±0.03aLPS+EDS組0.61±0.02b0.65±0.04bF 250.021**314.257**
2.2 細胞凋亡率 LPS組細胞凋亡率較對照組明顯升高(P<0.05)。與LPS組相比,LPS+EDS組細胞凋亡率降低(P<0.05),見圖1。

Fig.1 Comparison of chondrocyte apoptosis among three groups圖1 各組細胞凋亡率比較
2.3 iNOS mRNA和蛋白表達 與對照組相比,LPS 組iNOS mRNA及蛋白表達增高(P<0.05)。經EDS干預后iNOS mRNA和蛋白表達水平較LPS組降低(P<0.05),見圖2,表2。

Fig.2 Expression of iNOS in all three groups圖2 各組細胞iNOS蛋白表達
Tab.2 Comparison of mRNA transcription and protein expression levels of iNOS among three groups表2 各組細胞iNOS mRNA及蛋白表達水平比較(n=3,±s)

Tab.2 Comparison of mRNA transcription and protein expression levels of iNOS among three groups表2 各組細胞iNOS mRNA及蛋白表達水平比較(n=3,±s)
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2.4 NO及IL-1β含量比較 與對照組相比,LPS組NO和IL-1β表達升高(P<0.05)。LPS+EDS組與LPS組相比NO和IL-1β水平降低(P<0.05),見表3。
Tab.3 Comparison of NO and IL-1β content in chondrocyte among three groups表3 各組NO和IL-1β含量比較(n=3,±s)

Tab.3 Comparison of NO and IL-1β content in chondrocyte among three groups表3 各組NO和IL-1β含量比較(n=3,±s)
組別NO(μmol/L)IL-1β(μg/L)對照組12.76±1.2460.58±5.86 LPS組21.87±3.06a143.69±8.67aLPS+EDS組15.23±2.56ab80.65±6.69abF 14.027**135.426**
骨關節炎是由多種炎癥因子和細胞因子參與的慢性疾病,其病理過程以關節軟骨的退行性改變為主[3]。軟骨細胞在關節軟骨細胞外基質的合成和降解中具有重要作用[4]。蛻皮甾酮是一類植物雌激素,能夠與哺乳動物或人的雌激素受體(ER)相結合,起到雌激素樣活性效應。研究顯示,女性骨關節炎發病率高于男性,雌激素水平增高對軟骨細胞損傷有保護作用[5]。LPS作為一種常見的促炎因子多應用于各類炎癥的體外研究,如骨關節炎、腦膜炎、氣道損傷等[6-8]。本研究顯示LPS+EDS組軟骨細胞增殖率較LPS組增高,提示蛻皮甾酮對損傷的軟骨細胞具有保護作用。
細胞因子和炎癥因子在骨關節炎的發生發展的病理過程中起著重要作用[9],其中以炎性細胞因子IL-1β以及炎性介質NO尤為顯著[10-11]。IL-1β是促進軟骨基質降解以及軟骨破壞的主要因子之一。既往研究表明骨關節炎患者關節液中IL-1β的含量明顯升高[12]。NO能抑制蛋白多糖和膠原蛋白的合成,促進軟骨細胞凋亡,并刺激細胞金屬蛋白酶的啟動和產生,以此介導IL-1β等細胞因子參與調節骨關節炎的發生發展[13]。骨關節中NO主要由iNOS產生,iNOS已被證實對骨關節炎的臨床和病理進展有促進作用[14]。正常的軟骨細胞受到某些細胞因子如腫瘤壞死因子(TNF)、IL-1β和LPS等刺激后,iNOS的表達升高,使NO水平升高,并協同各種細胞因子增加軟骨損害[15]。本研究顯示,EDS可抑制LPS誘導的兔軟骨細胞iNOS表達,推測EDS通過影響軟骨細胞中iNOS的表達水平,抑制NO的產生,減少細胞因子IL-1β生成,從而對軟骨細胞損傷起到保護作用。本研究證實蛻皮甾酮對LPS誘發兔軟骨細胞損傷有明顯的抑制作用,且其作用與軟骨細胞中iNOS調節的NO的產生和細胞因子IL-1β改變相關。因此,筆者認為蛻皮甾酮作為一種類植物雌激素對臨床防治骨關節炎軟骨細胞損傷具有進一步研究的價值。
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(2014-10-11收稿 2015-01-14修回)
(本文編輯 胡小寧)
Protective effect of ecdysterone on rabbits chondrocytes that is injured by lipopolysaccharide
WANG Gangtao,ZHANG Xuhui△,ZHANG Weidong,XIA Lei
Department of Joint surgery,the 371thCenter Hospital of The PLA,Xinxiang 453000,China
△Corresponding Author E-mail:xuhuiz@163.com
Objective To study the effect of ecdysterone(EDS)on rabbits chondrocytes that is injuried by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Methods Aricular chondrocytes were isolated from rabbits and randomly divided into three groups:control group;chondrocytes with LPS induced injury(LPS group);injury chondrocytes treated with EDS(LPS+EDS group).The cell proliferation and cell apoptosis of chondrocytes were determined by MTT method and flow cytometry assay respectively.The mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)were detected by RT-PCR and western blot.In addition,the content of NO and IL-1β were measured by nitric acid reductase assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)respectively.Results Attenuated proliferation,increased cell apoptosis,iNOS,NO and IL-1β were seen in LPS group,but all these changes were significantly reversed by EDS treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion Ecdysterone exhibited a protective effect on LPS induced rabbits chondrocytes injury through inhibiting the expression of iNOS.
Ecdysterone;chondrocytes;lipopolysaccharides;cell proliferation;apoptosis;interleukin-1beta;iNOS
R684.3
A DOI:10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.003
解放軍第371中心醫院關節外科(郵編453000)
王剛濤(1978),男,主治醫師,學士,主要從事退行性骨關節炎及關節鏡和關節置換
△E-mail:xuhuiz@163.com