三七皺縮型病毒病發生規律調查研究

劉云芝等

摘要 為探明三七皺縮型病毒病的發生規律，采取系統調查法開展了歷時3年的調查。結果表明：三七皺縮型病毒病在三七整個生長期均可發生，表現出波浪式起伏、峰值多、峰期歷時長的特點。高峰期出現時間、數量及峰值的大小因七齡及各年氣候條件的不同而不同，峰值通常出現在4月下旬、5月中旬至5月下旬、6月下旬至7月下旬、8月、9月中旬至9月下旬、10月、11月中旬至12月上旬，同齡七不同年可因氣候變化而有所前移或后延10～15 d；高齡七病情明顯重于低齡七。建議根據皺縮型病毒病發生規律，生產上從選育無病種子、種苗入手，注重對媒介昆蟲的控制，加強田間管理，以避免或減輕病毒病的發生危害。

關鍵詞 三七；皺縮型病毒病；發生規律；調查

中圖分類號 S435.67 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-5739（2015）14-0105-02

Research on Occurrent Regularity of Notoginseng Shrinking Virus Disease

LIU Yun-zhi 1 WANG Yong 1 SUN Yu-qin 1 YANG Jian-zhong 1 ZHU Yun-fei 1 CHEN Yu-jun 1 * YANG Cai-bi 2

DENG Jie 2 ZHANG Hui 2

（1 Sanqi Research Institute of Wenshan，Wenshan University，Wenshan Yunnan 663000； 2 Environment and Resource College，Wenshan University）

Abstract This study used system investigation method to study occurrent regularity of notoginseng shrinking virus disease in three-year.The results showed that notoginseng shrinking virus disease could happen in the whole growth period plants.It′s characteristic performaned wave ups and downs，a lat of peak and peak period lasted long.The peak time，peak quantity and the peak up and down different that due to the differention of gisengs age，climate conditions in every year.The peak usually appeared in late April，mid-may to late may，in late June to late July，August，mid-september to late September，October，November to early December.The peaks of same ages plant could be moved forward or delayed 10～15 days due to climate change. The older plants state of illness were heavier than younger plants.In order to avoid or reduce the harm of virus disease，it suggested that breeding disease-free seeds and seedlings，paid attention to the control of insect vectors and strengthen field management.

Key words notoginseng；shrinking virus disease；occurrent regularity；investigate

三七皺縮型病毒病是近年來三七種植生產區出現的主要病害。受皺縮型病毒病危害，三七葉片或從葉尖向葉中部呈弧形皺縮，或從葉緣向葉中部皺縮，使整個葉片伸展不開，嚴重者葉片和葉柄扭縮，形成僵苗，基本喪失光合作用；部分植株還同時表現出黃化、花葉等多種病毒病復合癥狀。據調查，三七皺縮型病毒病廣泛存在于三七產區，平均發病率6.25%～21.91%，部分三七園高達30%以上，已在一定程度上影響了三七生產[1]。在三七病毒病病原種類鑒定方面，已報道從表現皺縮、蕨葉癥狀的三七樣品中檢測到番茄花葉病毒（Tomato mosaic virus，ToMV）[2-3]；從表現明顯花葉、畸形、皺縮癥狀的三七樣品中檢測出黃瓜花葉病毒（Cucumber mosaic virus，CMV）[4-5]；……