李洋 王虎 單臣

[摘要] 目的 探討小切口治療腕管綜合征的臨床效果。 方法 從2011年7月~2014年7月吉林省人民醫院收治掌部腕管綜合征的患者中選取典型患者42例(45側),采用掌部小切口切斷腕橫韌帶的治療方法,術后進行隨訪,使用GSS評分對術前以及術后6個月患者功能恢復情況進行評估。 結果 排除2例(3側)患者術中發現腕管內囊腫,改為傳統切口手術,其余40例(42側)患者手術均獲得了成功,并且在術后沒有出現并發癥。采用GSS評分標準對術前和術后6個月患者疼痛、麻木感、夜醒、肌力減退、手指末端神經異感及總分進行評估[(5.65±0.89)、(3.79±1.06)、(2.67±0.67)、(4.49±0.95)、(3.35±0.78)、(20.10±4.65)比(0.94±0.50)、(0.86±0.35)、(0.35±0.09)、(1.00±0.40)、(0.46±0.20)、(3.61±0.06)分],術后隨訪評估分數較術前明顯減低,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05)。 結論 小切口法治療腕管綜合征是一種效安全的手術方法,其具有手術時間相對較短、預后療效比較好、并發癥較少等優點,值得在臨床應用和推廣。
[關鍵詞] 小切口法;腕管綜合征;正中神經;療效
[中圖分類號] R686 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2015)09(a)-0061-04
[Abstract] Objective To discuss the clinical effect of small incision in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. Methods From July 2011 to July 2014 in Jilin Province People' Hospital 42 patients (45 sides) with metacarpus carpal tunnel syndrome were selected. All patients were given small incision of wrist transverse ligament surgery and followed up for 6 months. Functional recovery was evaluated by GSS standard. Results 2 cases (3 sides) were found cyst in wrist, given traditional incision surgery instead. Surgery of the other 40 cases (42 sides) were successful, and no complication happened. The pain, feeling of numbness, night waking, muscle loss, the end of finger abnormal feeling, and total scores in GSS scores after surgery were lower than those before surgery [(5.65±0.89), (3.79±1.06), (2.67±0.67), (4.49±0.95), (3.35±0.78), (20.10±4.65) vs (0.94±0.50), (0.86±0.35), (0.35±0.09), (1.00±0.40), (0.46±0.20), (3.61±0.06) scores], the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Small incision in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome is an effective safe surgical method, it has advantages of relatively short operating time, better curative effect and prognosis, less complications, and it is worth in the clinical application and promotion.
[Key words] Small incision; Carpal tunnel syndrome; Median nerve; Clinical effect
腕管綜合征又稱為遲發性正中神經麻痹,是正中神經在腕管內受到卡壓后出現的拇指、示指、中指疼痛和感覺障礙,以中指最先出現癥狀,手指及手腕可出現夜間疼痛,自覺手部發涼,大魚際肌出現萎縮,對掌、對指受限的一系列綜合征群[1]。自1854年首先由Paget提出腕管綜合征的概念,已有150年之久,本病發病率高,癥狀典型,對于疾病的診斷及治療都發展的較成熟。
腕管為骨性纖維管,橈側、尺側及背側為骨性結構,掌側為腕橫韌帶,均為堅韌彈性差的組織,腕管內通過拇長屈肌腱、指淺屈肌腱及正中神經,神經組織較肌腱松軟,當腕管內組織結構發生異常,使其容量減小或內容物增加的時候,神經就發生缺血、變性,出現癥狀,神經缺血在短期內予以休息及治療干預后可恢復,若不加治療就會出現不可逆損傷[2]。腕管綜合征是手外科門診常見病,癥狀多較典型,治療上首先采取保守治療3個月,若癥狀無明顯改善予以手術治療。傳統治療方法為于小魚際橈側緣做弧形切口,直視下切開腕橫韌帶,松解正中神經。自1986年Dollon[3]報道了內鏡下診治腕管綜合征手術治療,微創在治療腕管綜合征方面也得到了廣泛應用。
本研究選擇吉林省人民醫院(以下簡稱“我院”)收治的腕管綜合征患者42例,采用了小切口切斷腕橫韌帶方法治療,術后取得了良好的治療效果,現報道如下: