由 曉 井樂剛
UPLC-MS/MS法測定糙米和稻殼中吡唑醚菌酯殘留
由 曉 井樂剛
(哈爾濱師范大學生命科學與技術學院,哈爾濱 150025)
建立了超高效液相色譜-串聯質譜(UPLC-MS/MS)法測定糙米和稻殼中吡唑醚菌酯殘留的方法。樣品中吡唑醚菌酯經乙腈水溶液提取、弗羅里硅土柱凈化后,以C18反相柱為分析柱,甲酸水溶液-甲醇為流動相,在多反應監測模式下進行質譜檢測,采用電噴霧正離子源,外標法定量。吡唑醚菌酯在0.02~0.50 mg/L范圍內與峰面積呈良好線性關系,線性方程為:y=77 425 x+630.82,相關系數的平方為0.997 9。向空白糙米、空白稻殼中分別添加吡唑醚菌酯標樣,使其添加量分別為0.02、0.05、0.10 mg/kg時,平均回收率分別為84.7%~101.0%和86.2%~102.5%,相對標準偏差分別為3.7%~4.9%和5.8%~8.1%。糙米和稻殼中吡唑醚菌酯的最低檢測限均為0.2μg/kg。該方法的靈敏度和準確度都較高,適合于糙米和稻殼中吡唑醚菌酯的殘留分析。
吡唑醚菌酯 殘留 UPLC-MS/MS 糙米 稻殼
吡唑醚菌酯(pyraclostrobin)又名唑菌胺酯,結構式見圖1[1]。吡唑醚菌酯是德國巴斯夫公司于1993年開發的一種新型廣譜甲氧基丙烯酸酯類殺菌劑,自2002年上市以來已經在100多種作物上獲準登記應用[1],主要用于防治葡萄[2]、草莓[3]、黃瓜[4]、番茄[5]、小麥[6]、大豆[7]及其他大田作物上由子囊菌綱、擔子菌綱、半知菌綱和卵菌綱真菌引起的葉枯病、銹病、白粉病等多種病害。吡唑醚菌酯對水稻穗瘟病、紋枯病也有較好的防治效果[8],但尚未大量用于水稻病害防治。
關于吡唑醚菌酯的殘留分析,國內外已報道的方法包括氣相色譜法[9]、氣相色譜- 質譜法[10-12]、高效液相色譜法[13-14]、高效液相色譜- 質譜法[15-17]、酶聯免疫吸附分析(ELISA)法[18]、表面等離子體共振(SPR)法[19]等。這些方法或者靈敏度、準確性、穩定性較低,或者操作費時,或者分析成本較高,而且分析對象大多為水果(汁)、蔬菜、飲料、堅果等。鑒于吡唑醚菌酯在水稻病害防治方面的潛在應用前景,而其在稻米中的殘留分析方法鮮見報道,為此,本試驗建立了一種準確、快速、靈敏的超高效液相色譜-串聯質譜(UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法,以測定吡唑醚菌酯在糙米和稻殼中的殘留,為測定其在大米中的殘留及研究其在水稻植株及稻田環境中的殘留消解動態提供參考。

圖1 吡唑醚菌酯的化學結構式
糙米、稻殼(吉粳301):黑龍江省肇東市東發鄉。
吡唑醚菌酯標準品(純度99.0%):德國巴斯夫公司,乙腈、甲醇、二氯甲烷、甲酸、氯化鈉、無水硫酸鈉均為國產分析純。
Waters TQD超高效液相色譜-質譜聯用儀(配電噴霧離子源):美國Waters公司;MS1漩渦混合儀:德國IKA公司;RE-52AA氮吹儀:美國Organomation Associates公司;弗羅里硅土固相萃取小柱(500mg,6mL):美國Agilent公司。
1.3.1 標準曲線的制作
準確稱取吡唑醚菌酯標準品,用甲醇配制成1 000 mg/L的標準儲備液,然后用甲醇將其稀釋,分別配制成濃度為0.02、0.05、0.10、0.20、0.50 mg/L的標準溶液。取5μL用超高效液相色譜-串聯質譜測定。以吡唑醚菌酯濃度(x)為橫坐標,峰面積(y)為縱坐標,繪制標準曲線。
1.3.2 樣品前處理
1.3.2.1 樣品提取
糙米:稱取經粉碎并過40目篩的糙米10.00 g,置于燒杯中,加入20 mL蒸餾水和20 mL乙腈,勻漿提取3 min,靜置5 min。將上清液倒入裝有5 g氯化鈉的離心管中,劇烈振蕩2~3 min,3 000 r/min離心5 min。取上層乙腈相5 mL,經無水硫酸鈉柱脫水后,收集至刻度試管中,30℃水浴中氮氣吹干,加入甲醇-二氯甲烷(1∶9,體積比)3 mL,待凈化。
稻殼:稱取稻殼5.00 g置于燒杯中,加入20 mL蒸餾水和20 mL乙腈,勻漿提取3 min,將上清液倒入裝有5 g氯化鈉的離心管中,劇烈振蕩2~3 min,3 000 r/min離心5 min。取上層乙腈相10 mL,經無水硫酸鈉柱脫水后,收集至刻度試管中,30℃水浴中氮氣吹干,加入甲醇-二氯甲烷(1∶9,體積比)3 mL,待凈化。
1.3.2.2 樣品凈化
用10 mL淋洗液[甲醇-二氯甲烷(1∶9,體積比)]淋洗、活化弗羅里硅土固相萃取小柱。將上述樣品液加入到柱上,用刻度試管接收流出液(流速約1.36 mL/min)。用6.0 mL淋洗液沖洗盛裝樣品液的刻度試管并淋洗小柱。將盛有流出液的試管置于氮吹儀上,在30℃水浴條件下,氮吹蒸發至近干,用甲醇定容至2.0 mL,在漩渦混合器上混勻,經0.22 μm濾膜過濾后,用UPLC-MS/MS檢測。
1.3.3 色譜條件
色譜柱:Acquity UPLC BEH C18(50 mm × 2.1 mm,1.7 μm);流動相:甲醇(A)和0.1%甲酸水溶液(B)。梯度洗脫程序:0.00~1.00 min,10%A ~90%A;1.00 ~2.40 min,90%A;2.40 ~3.00 min,90%A ~10%A;3.00 ~4.00 min,10%A。流速:0.25 mL/min;柱溫:35 ℃;進樣量:5 μL。
1.3.4 質譜條件
離子源:電噴霧離子源;掃描方式:正離子方式;監測方式:多重反應監測(MRM);毛細管電壓:4.0 kV;錐孔電壓:20 V;離子源溫度:120℃;脫溶劑溫度:350 ℃;脫溶劑氣流量:650 L/h;錐孔氣流量:50 L/h。其他質譜條件如表1所示。

表1 吡唑醚菌酯的多重反應監測串聯質譜條件
1.3.5 添加回收率試驗
分別稱取空白糙米樣品10.00 g、空白稻殼樣品5.00 g,分別向其中添加吡唑醚菌酯標準溶液,添加水平分別為0.02、0.05、0.10 mg/kg,每個添加水平重復5次,按照上述提取和凈化步驟處理后進行測定,計算每種樣品的平均添加回收率和相對標準偏差。
測定吡唑醚菌酯含量的標準曲線的回歸方程為:y=774 25 x+630.82,R2=0.997 9,在0.02~0.50 mg/L范圍內線性關系良好。由吡唑醚菌酯標準品的MRM色譜圖(圖2)可知,吡唑醚菌酯的保留時間為2.98 min。

圖2 吡唑醚菌酯標準品的MRM色譜圖

圖3 空白糙米和添加吡唑醚菌酯標準品糙米的MRM色譜圖
吡唑醚菌酯在糙米、稻殼中的添加回收試驗的MRM色譜圖分別見圖3和圖4,添加回收試驗的結果見表2。可以看出,吡唑醚菌酯在糙米、稻殼中的添加平均回收率分別在84.7%~101.0%和86.2%~102.5%之間,相對標準偏差分別在3.7%~4.9%和5.8%~8.1%之間。吡唑醚菌酯的最小檢出量為1×10-12g。按照S/N(信號/噪聲)=10 計算,得出吡唑醚菌酯在糙米和稻殼中的定量限(LOQ)均為0.7 μg/kg;按照S/N=3計算,得出吡唑醚菌酯在糙米和稻殼中的檢出限(LOD)均為0.2μg/kg。LOQ和LOD 均低于洪文英等[4]、張育樂等[20]的研究結果。

表2 吡唑醚菌酯在糙米和稻殼中的添加回收率及相對標準偏差(n=5)
結果表明,用此方法測定糙米、稻殼中吡唑醚菌酯的殘留,準確度、精密度和靈敏度均較好,能夠滿足殘留分析的要求。
為驗證該方法的可靠性,從市場上采購了糙米和稻殼樣品各3種,進行實際樣品測定。結果在這些樣品中均未檢出吡唑醚菌酯殘留。同時,對來自廣西壯族自治區廣西大學農場試驗田中噴施吡唑醚菌酯的水稻糙米和稻殼樣品(各5種),分別進行了最終殘留量測定,結果見表3。其中,糙米樣品1、2、3、4、5 的施藥劑量分別為4、4、4、6、6 g·a-1,施藥次數分別為2、3、3、2、3次,采樣距末次施藥間隔分別為30、30、40、30、40 d;稻殼樣品1、2、3、4、5 的田間試驗方案分別與相應的糙米樣品相同。從表3中數據可以看出,吡唑醚菌酯在糙米和稻殼中的最終殘留量,均隨施藥劑量的增加、施藥次數的增加及采樣距末次施藥間隔的縮短而增加。這說明該分析結果真實地反映了吡唑醚菌酯在糙米和稻殼中的最終殘留情況,即該檢測方法是可靠的。

表3 吡唑醚菌酯在糙米和稻殼中的最終殘留量(n=3)
本研究建立了測定糙米、稻殼中農藥吡唑醚菌酯殘留的UPLC-MS/MS分析方法。樣品經乙腈水溶液提取、弗羅里硅土柱凈化、Acquity UPLC BEH C18反相柱分離,用UPLC-MS/MS聯用儀檢測。該方法線性關系良好,糙米和稻殼中吡唑醚菌酯殘留的最低檢測限量均可達0.2μg/kg,靈敏度高、準確性好,具有較高的應用價值。
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Determination of Pyraclostrobin Residues in Brown Rice and Rice Husk by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry
You Xiao Jing Legang
(College of Life Science and Technology,Haerbin Normal University,Haerbin 150025)
The method of determining the pyraclostrobin residues in brown rice and rice husk by ultraperformance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC -MS/MS)was established.The pyraclostrobin residues in samples were extracted with aqueous acetonitrile,and cleaned up on a florisil column ,and cleaned up on a florisil column,then separated by the C18reverse phase column using aqueous methanol and methanoic acid as mobile phase.The pyraclostrobin was detected by MS with electrospray positive ionization source under a multiple reaction monitoring mode,and quantified by external standard method.An excellent linear relationship between pyraclostrobin concentration(x)in the range of 0.02 ~0.50 mg/L and peak area(y)was achieved.The linear equation was y =77 425x+630.82,and the square of correlation coefficient was 0.997 9.Add pyraclostrobin samples separately into the blank brown rice and rice husk,and when the additive amount were separately 0.02,0.05 and 0.10 mg/kg,the average recovery were 84.7%to 101.0%,and 86.2%to 102.5%.The relative standard deviation were separately 3.7%~4.9%,and 5.8%~8.1%.The limit of detection for both the brown rice and rice husk was 0.2 μg/kg.The sensitivity and accuracy of this method were relatively higher,which was applied for the determination of pyraclostrobin residues in brown rice and rice husk.
pyraclostrobin,residue,ultra performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry,brown rice,rice husk
TS207.5
A
1003-0174(2016)08-0148-05
黑龍江省教育廳科學技術研究(12531177)
2014-12-12
由曉,女,1990年出生,碩士,農藥殘留分析
井樂剛,男,1972年出生,教授,食品化學