國外小麥種質資源抗白粉病和赤霉病評價

楊立軍+朱展望+汪華+張學江+佟漢文+李明菊+焦春海

摘要：為了拓寬和豐富小麥種質資源遺傳多樣性，提高小麥抗性、產量和品質，對國外引進的122份小麥種質資源進行了溫室苗期和田間成株期抗白粉病、抗赤霉病鑒定與評價。結果表明，有4份材料苗期和成株期對白粉病均表現為免疫，3份材料苗期和成株期均表現為高抗，11份材料具有明顯的成株期抗性;有3份材料對赤霉病表現為高抗，10份材料為中抗，其中有4份材料兼抗白粉病和赤霉病。整體而言，埃及和津巴布韋材料白粉病相對抗性較好，來自墨西哥國際玉米改良中心的大部分材料成株期具有白粉病抗性，這些材料對于改善中國小麥對白粉病和赤霉病的抗性具有一定的實踐應用價值。

關鍵詞：小麥; 種質資源; 國外; 抗病性; 評價

中圖分類號：S435.121.4;S512.1 ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼：A ? ? ? 文章編號：0439-8114（2015）23-5918-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.031

Resistance Evaluation of Foreign Wheat Germplasm to

Powdery Mildew and Fusarium Head Blight

YANG Li-jun1a，ZHU Zhan-wang1b，WANG Hua1a，ZHANG Xue-jiang1a，

TONG Han-wen1b，LI Ming-ju2，JIAO Chun-hai1

（1.a.Institute for Plant Protection and Soil Science;b. Institute of Crops Science， Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Wuhan 430064，China;2. Institute of Environmental Resources， Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Kunming 650205，China）

Abstract： In order to broaden and enrich the genetic diversity of wheat germplasm resources and to improve the resistance， yield and quality of local wheat，122 wheat germplasms were introduced and evaluated on the seedling resistance to powdery mildew in greenhouse and adult resistance to powdery mildew and fusarium head blight in field. The results indicated that there were 4 germplasms immune and 3 germplasms high resistance to powdery mildew both at seedling and adult stage， and 11 germplasms showed significant adult resistance to powdery mildew. Three and 10 germplasms were high resistance and middle resistance to fussarium head blight， respectively. Four out of the 13 germplasms had good resistance both to powdery mildew and fusarium head blight. Over all， the resistance of material came from Egyptian and Zimbabwe better than that from the other country and the most materials from the CIMMIT of Mexico contain adult resistance to powdery mildew. All of the above material with good resistance could be valuable resources for improving the resistance of local wheat to powdery mildew and fusarium head blight.

Key words： wheat; germplasm resources; foreign; disease resistance; evaluation

種質資源的遺傳多樣性對小麥遺傳改良具有重要作用，然而現代育種導致小麥遺傳多樣性降低， 使小麥改良的遺傳基礎越來越狹窄[1]。研究表明，不同區域小麥種質資源的遺傳特點及遺傳基礎具有明顯差異性[2]。從不同區域引進小麥種質資源對于改良本區域小麥的產量、品質和抗逆性等性狀，豐富本區域小麥種質資源的遺傳變異具有重要作用。湖北地處長江中游，有著從亞熱帶向暖溫帶過渡的典型氣候特征，致使赤霉病、白粉病、條銹病等病害常年單一或混合嚴重發生，成為影響小麥高產的制約因素之一[3]。佟漢文等[4，5]對湖北省農作物種質資源庫保存的874份小麥種質資源、楊立軍等[6，7]和朱展望等[8]等對湖北省2008年以來審定的品種和后備材料對條銹病和赤霉病的鑒定評價結果均表明，湖北選育和擁有的種質資源遺傳相對單一、抗性來源狹窄問題突出。本研究以小麥白粉病和赤霉病為靶標，對從非洲引進的122份小麥種質資源進行了抗小麥白粉病和赤霉病的接種鑒定，以期獲得抗性好且農藝性狀優良的種質，為今后生產和育種中直接或間接利用提供理論依據。endprint