張真穩(wěn),方彭華,史明儀,王艷,曹靈,卜平 ,朱妍
(1 揚(yáng)州大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院,江蘇揚(yáng)州 225001 ;2 揚(yáng)州大學(xué)江蘇省中西醫(yī)結(jié)合老年病防治重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;3 南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)翰林學(xué)院)
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側(cè)腦室注射M35對(duì)2型糖尿病大鼠心肌組織GLUT4表達(dá)的影響
張真穩(wěn)1,方彭華2,3,史明儀2,王艷1,曹靈1,卜平2,朱妍1
(1 揚(yáng)州大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院,江蘇揚(yáng)州 225001 ;2 揚(yáng)州大學(xué)江蘇省中西醫(yī)結(jié)合老年病防治重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;3 南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)翰林學(xué)院)
摘要:目的觀察側(cè)腦室注射中樞性甘丙肽(GAL)受體拮抗劑M35對(duì)2型糖尿病大鼠心肌組織葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白4(GLUT4)表達(dá)的影響。方法取22只健康雄性Wistar大鼠制作2型糖尿病模型,將16只造模成功大鼠分為觀察組和模型組各8只,另取8只健康大鼠為對(duì)照組。觀察組于側(cè)腦室注射M35 2 μL,模型組和對(duì)照組分別于側(cè)腦室注射生理鹽水2 μL,1次/d,均干預(yù)21 d。采用血糖鉗實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)定各組葡萄糖輸注速率,采用real-time PCR 法檢測(cè)心肌組織的GLUT4 mRNA。結(jié)果觀察組、對(duì)照組、模型組的葡萄糖輸注速率分別為(13.4±1.32)、(22.98±2.32)、(16.91±1.56)mg/min,P均<0.05;心肌組織GLUT4 mRNA的相對(duì)表達(dá)量分別為3.72±1.79、5.98±0.86、11.89±2.12 ,P均<0.05。結(jié)論側(cè)腦室注射M35可使2型糖尿病大鼠心肌組織GLUT4的表達(dá)上調(diào),從而提高心肌胰島素敏感性。
關(guān)鍵詞:葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白4;甘丙肽受體;2型糖尿病;心肌組織;胰島素敏感性
甘丙肽(GAL)廣泛分布于神經(jīng)和消化系統(tǒng),GAL代謝紊亂與2型糖尿病的發(fā)生、發(fā)展密切相關(guān)[1~4]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),內(nèi)源性GAL可通過(guò)作用于脂肪細(xì)胞及骨骼肌外周胰島素敏感組織上的受體,增加機(jī)體對(duì)胰島素的敏感性,降低胰島素抵抗[5~8]。但GAL能否通過(guò)中樞性GAL受體調(diào)節(jié)心肌細(xì)胞對(duì)胰島素敏感性目前尚不清楚。2012年9月~2014年12月,我們觀察了側(cè)腦室注射中樞性GAL受體拮抗劑M35對(duì)2型糖尿病大鼠心肌組織葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白4(GLUT4)表達(dá)的影響。現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
1材料與方法
1.1材料健康雄性Wistar大鼠30只,體質(zhì)量150~160 g,購(gòu)自揚(yáng)州大學(xué)比較醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心?;旌细咧暳?59%脂肪、21%蛋白質(zhì)、 20%碳水化合物)喂養(yǎng),自由飲食,室溫(24±2)℃,適應(yīng)性飼養(yǎng)8周。鏈脲佐菌素(STZ,Sigma公司),M35(英國(guó)TOCRIS生物公司),胰島素注射液(江蘇萬(wàn)邦生物醫(yī)藥股份有限公司),LDB-M電子蠕動(dòng)泵(定山儀器廠)。怡成SENTEST快速血葡萄糖測(cè)試儀、怡成滴血式血糖試條(北京怡成生物電子技術(shù)有限公司),酶標(biāo)儀(美國(guó)Bio-TEK Elx800公司),101-1型恒溫箱(上海實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器總廠),高速低溫離心機(jī)(Themor TGL-16G);real-time PCR儀(ABI 7500 96 Wells)。
1.2動(dòng)物分組與造模處理取22只大鼠采用一次性腹腔注射STZ 30 mg/kg的方法制作2型糖尿病模型。以高脂飼料喂養(yǎng)2周后大鼠空腹血糖≥11.1 mmol/L為造模成功。取16只造模成功大鼠分為觀察組和模型組各8只,另取8只健康大鼠為對(duì)照組。觀察組于側(cè)腦室注射M35 2 μL,模型組和對(duì)照組分別于側(cè)腦室注射生理鹽水2 μL,1次/d,均連續(xù)注射21 d。
1.3葡萄糖輸注速率測(cè)定采用血糖鉗實(shí)驗(yàn)(改良Kraegen方法[9])測(cè)定各組葡萄糖輸注速率。將各組大鼠用50 mg/kg異戊巴比妥鈉麻醉后,頸靜脈插入細(xì)硅管,三通管分別與靜脈插管、輸注胰島素的蠕動(dòng)泵及輸注10%葡萄糖的蠕動(dòng)泵相連。靜脈恒速[24 mU/(mg·min)]輸注胰島素,同時(shí)輸注10%葡萄糖液。調(diào)整葡萄糖輸注速率至血糖穩(wěn)態(tài),計(jì)算30 min內(nèi)6次葡萄糖輸注速率,取平均值。
1.4心肌組織中GLUT4 mRNA表達(dá)檢測(cè)采用real-time PCR 法。處死各組大鼠,取100 mg心肌組織,操作均嚴(yán)格按照試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)進(jìn)行。GLUT4上游引物:5′-ACAGGGCAAGGATGGTAGA-3′,下游引物:5′-TGGAGGGGAACAAGAAAGT-3′;β-actin上游引物:5′-GGCTGTGTTGTCCCTGTATG-3′,下游引物:5′-AATGTCACGCACGATTTCC-3′。反應(yīng)液體積25 μL,反應(yīng)條件:95 ℃、10 min預(yù)變性;95 ℃、15 s,62 ℃、60 s,40個(gè)循環(huán)。以β-actin為內(nèi)參,以目標(biāo)條帶與內(nèi)參條帶吸光度比值作為GLUT4 mRNA的相對(duì)表達(dá)量。

2結(jié)果
2.1各組葡萄糖輸注速率比較觀察組、對(duì)照組、模型組的葡萄糖輸注速率分別為(13.4±1.32)、(22.98±2.32)、(16.91±1.56)mg/min,P均<0.05。
2.2各組心肌組織GLUT4 mRNA表達(dá)比較觀察組、對(duì)照組、模型組心肌組織GLUT4 mRNA的相對(duì)表達(dá)量分別為3.72±1.79、5.98±0.86、11.89±2.12,P均<0.05。
3討論
GAL是維持機(jī)體血糖平衡不可缺少的重要因素。GAL基因敲除小鼠表現(xiàn)出葡萄糖耐受能力下降,產(chǎn)生胰島素抵抗[2]。腹腔注射M35可顯著降低胰島素的敏感性,增加胰島素抵抗[5~8]。葡萄糖耐量試驗(yàn)中GAL敲除小鼠表現(xiàn)出清除葡萄糖的能力極顯著下降,主要由于GAL敲除小鼠減少了胰島素依賴(lài)性降血糖作用和非胰島素依賴(lài)性降血糖作用[3]。大鼠室旁核注射GAL后,可促進(jìn)骨骼肌對(duì)碳水化合物的利用,降低血糖,表明中樞GAL參與了外周組織糖代謝調(diào)節(jié)過(guò)程[9]。另外,2型糖尿病大鼠中樞注射GAL拮抗劑顯著升高血糖,增加骨骼肌和脂肪細(xì)胞胰島素胰島素抵抗[10,11]。
血糖鉗是國(guó)際公認(rèn)的定量分析胰島素敏感性的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[12]。血糖鉗的葡萄糖滴注速率可反映機(jī)體對(duì)胰島素的敏感性。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),觀察組葡萄糖滴注速率低于對(duì)照組,表明阻斷中樞GAL可減少機(jī)體對(duì)葡萄糖的攝取,增加胰島素抵抗,與之前的研究一致[5,11]。
葡萄糖可在細(xì)胞膜上GLUT的幫助下易化擴(kuò)散進(jìn)入細(xì)胞,GLUT4是其中最重要的葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體[13]。GLUT4不斷在囊泡膜與細(xì)胞膜之間循環(huán),主要存在于骨骼肌、脂肪細(xì)胞和心肌的高爾基體附近的囊泡膜上[14],少數(shù)存在于細(xì)胞膜上。2型糖尿病患者可出現(xiàn)心肌胰島素抵抗,導(dǎo)致心肌缺血和心肌梗死發(fā)病率增加[15,16]。其中,胰島素信號(hào)通路障礙致GLUT4 表達(dá)減少是心肌產(chǎn)生胰島素抵抗的主要原因[15]。2型糖尿病動(dòng)物及患者心肌GLUT4表達(dá)水平顯著下降,導(dǎo)致心肌對(duì)葡萄糖的攝取減少[15~17]。因此,心肌維持正常GLUT4水平對(duì)心臟正常代謝活動(dòng)十分必要。本研究中,模型組心肌組織GLUT4 mRNA表達(dá)低于對(duì)照組,而觀察組GLUT4 mRNA的表達(dá)低于模型組,提示激活中樞GAL受體能夠顯著增加心肌細(xì)胞GLUT4 mRNA表達(dá),增加心肌細(xì)胞對(duì)葡萄糖的攝取,增加心肌的胰島素敏感性。綜上所述,M35可通過(guò)增加2型糖尿病大鼠心肌組織GLUT4表達(dá)提高心肌胰島素敏感性。
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Effect of intracerebroventricular injection of M35 on GLUT4 expression in
myocardial tissues of type 2 diabetic rats
ZHANGZhen-wen1, FANG Peng-hua, SHI Min-yi, WANG Yan, CAO Ling, BO Ping, ZHU Yan
(1ClinicalMedicalCollege,YangzhouUniversity,Yangzhou225001,China)
Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the influence of intracerebroventricular injection of galanin (GAL) receptor antagonist M35 on the expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) in myocardial tissues of type 2 diabetic rats. MethodsWe took 22 healthy male Wistar rats to make the type 2 diabetic models. Sixteen model rats were successfully made and then were divided into the observation group and the model group, 8 rats in each group. Besides, another 8 healthy rats were selected as the control group. The intracerebroventricular injection of 2 μL/d M35 was administered in the observation group, and 2 μL/d saline was injected in the model and control groups, once a day and both groups were treated for 21 days. The euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp test was used to detect the glucose infusion rates. GLUT4 mRNA was detected by real-time PCR.ResultsThe glucose infusion rates in the observation group, control group and model group were respectively (13.4±1.32) mg/min, (22.98±2.32) mg/min and (16.91±1.56) mg/min, (all P<0.05). GLUT4 mRNA expression levels in the myocardial tissues of the observation group, control group and model group were 3.72±1.79, 5.98±0.86 and 11.89±2.12, respectively (all P<0.05). ConclusionGAL can enhance the insulin sensitivity of myocardial tissues through the increased GLUT4 expression of type 2 diabetic rats.
Key words:glucose transporter type 4; galanin receptor; type 2 diabetes mellitus; myocardial tissue; insulin sensitivity
收稿日期:(2015-05-15)
通信作者簡(jiǎn)介:朱妍 (1961-),女,主任醫(yī)師,教授,碩士生導(dǎo)師,主要研究方向?yàn)樘悄虿』A(chǔ)與臨床。 E-mail: yzdxzzw@163.com
作者簡(jiǎn)介:第一張真穩(wěn)(1965-),男,博士,主任醫(yī)師,碩士生導(dǎo)師,主要研究方向?yàn)?型糖尿病胰島素抵抗機(jī)制。E-mail: yzzzw@medmail.com.cn
基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家衛(wèi)生和計(jì)劃生育委員會(huì)科研基金資助項(xiàng)目(W201309)。
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):R587.1
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
文章編號(hào):1002-266X(2015)46-0008-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2015.46.003