“民間報刊與城市文化研討會”綜述

朱玫潔　張　裕（上海社會科學院文學研究所）

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“民間報刊與城市文化研討會”綜述

朱玫潔張裕
（上海社會科學院文學研究所）

由上海社會科學院文學研究所主辦的“民間報刊與城市文化研討會”于2016年4月9日在上海社會科學院分部召開，來自復旦大學、上海社會科學院等高校和科研院所的專家、學者與來自《海派文化》、《東方民文》、《城市詩人》等20多家上海民間報刊的主編和負責人出席了此次會議。上海社會科學院文學研究所民俗學與非遺保護研究室主任黃江平主持了開幕式，并做了總結發言。上海社會科學院文學研究所原黨總支副書記潘頌德、上海民間文藝家協會副主席蔡豐明到會致辭。此次會議是有史以來第一次由體制內學術機構舉辦的民間報刊研討會，開啟了學術界正式進入民間報刊研究領域的先河，具有里程碑的意義。

上海民間報刊歷史悠久，如果從上海開埠后出現的第一份民間報紙算起，至今已有100多年歷史。改革開放以來，民間報刊在社會整體環境趨向寬松的氛圍下，發展很快。黨的十八屆三中全會指出：“鼓勵社會力量、社會資本參與公共文化服務體系建設，培育文化非營利組織。”在此背景下，上海民間報刊正以前所未有的熱情積極參與城市公共文化建設。本次研討會旨在通過對民間報刊的深入研討，建立起民間報刊之間更廣泛的交流與合作，推動民間辦報事業的發展。

隨著物質生活水平的不斷提高，人們對精神文化的需求越來越強烈，但是就政府能夠提供的公共文化服務而言，與人民群眾日益增長的文化需求仍然存在著較大距離，而民間報刊正是起到了良好的補充作用。研討會上，與會代表首先交流回顧了各自辦報體會。《海派文化》主編王曉君從創辦背景、宗旨、定位、特色、讀者、社會影響、愿景等方面介紹了《海派文化》的發展歷程。《海派文化》作為全國第一份海派文化類的民間報紙，已經創辦了14年，獲得社會各界的高度評價。王曉君表示，民間辦報雖然舉步維艱，但只要我們持之以恒，相信我們的前途會越來越好，我們愿為社會主義文化大發展、大繁榮貢獻綿薄之力。《海上詩刊》執行主編金月明用十年磨一劍來形容對辦報的精益求精和孜孜以求。同時也談到了《海上詩刊》存在的問題和今后努力的方向。他表示，要積極創作反映社會正能量的作品，為中華民族的振興貢獻一份力量。《東方民文》創辦人李鴻慶分享了自己的辦報經驗。他說，民間辦報雖然困難很多，但是辦法總比困難多，可以采取與企事業單位協辦的模式，在宣傳企業文化、校園文化、協會文化的同時，解決辦報的資金問題。他還呼吁成立民間辦報管理機構，培訓民報人員、建立辦報基金、監督民報質量。《海上風》副主編費平闡述了詩歌對城市文化建設的意義，交流了詩社舉辦的各種文化活動，提出了詩社在知識結構、人員老化、溝通交流等方面存在的不足與問題，并呼吁相關方面的關注。《長衫詩人》主編孫云卿介紹該詩刊的緣起、內容、風格、欄目和成員組成。上海社會科學院文學研究所研究員潘頌德長期以來擔任上海多家民間報刊的主編及顧問，他從縱橫兩個方面對上海民間報刊進行了全面總結，并高瞻遠矚地提出了民間辦報的思路和建議。他認為，開展豐富的活動，吸引培養更多的文學新人是壯大社團、社刊的必由之路。他呼吁市、區、縣、街道、鎮的黨政領導對民間文學社團及其社刊要從政治上加強領導、組織上加強管理、經濟上適當資助。

會議從理論上對民間報刊的文化特色和新特點進行了深入研討。復旦大學中文系教授葛乃福同樣長期以來擔任上海多家民間報刊的主編及顧問，他認為民間報刊的文化特色是民間報刊的命脈，缺失文化特色很難使民間報刊可持續發展，如何將民間報刊的特色做好、做大、做強是當務之急。他把民間報刊的文化特色概括為“五個緊扣”，即緊扣宗旨、緊扣類別、緊扣性質、緊扣身份和緊扣讀者對象。五個緊扣亦即“五個認同”，即宗旨認同、類別認同、性質認同、身份認同和年齡認同。建議定期召開上海民間文學社團暨上海民間報刊聯誼會。隨著社會的發展，民間報刊出現了許多新特點，上海社會科學院文學研究所民俗學與非遺保護研究室主任黃江平從社團化、網絡化、平臺化、“飛地”化、年輕化等五個方面對當前民間報刊的新特點作了闡述。她認為，盡管民間辦報在我國仍然是學術界的“盲區”，但新世紀以來，民間報刊發展迅速，成為一個不容忽視的文化現象，應該引起政府相關部門和學術界的重視。《湖畔》主編凌耕分析了《湖畔》的欄目特色、編輯特色和運作特色，并對當前民間報刊生存的政治條件、社會條件和文化條件給予充分的肯定。認為《湖畔》的成功得益于編輯班子甘愿奉獻的精神、社會各界包括政府相關部門和基層群眾的支持，以及國家政治清明、經濟快速發展的大環境。上海社會科學院文學研究所研究生韓雪蓮認為，報刊伴隨城市文化的勃興而出現，城市文化是報刊產生的土壤和文本敘事的源泉，報刊是城市文化的傳播渠道和重要載體。她認為，民間文藝報刊的意義在于：它記錄了普通市民的審美觀念，展示了上海城市的風土人情，豐富了市民的多元文化訴求。民間文藝報刊成為市民自由發表言論的空間，剖析社會負面現象、關心國家事務，建構了公共領域的話語民主。普通市民通過協力辦報、文學結社以及交友雅集等，逐漸營造了市民社會的文化自治空間。

近年來互聯網發展迅速，民間報刊同樣也出現了與互聯網融合的趨勢，對新媒體背景下民間報刊發展趨勢的探討也是此次會議的重要議題。上海社會科學院文學研究所副研究員畢旭玲分析了在自媒體時代下權威瓦解、紙質媒體讀者群流失等時代特點，探討其將給民間報刊帶來的困難與挑戰。她認為，自媒體時代人人都是記者、新聞傳播者，其媒介基礎具有交互性、自主性，使得新聞自由度大大提高。民間報刊以傳統紙媒為媒介，與能擁有上百萬訪問量的微信公眾號相比，民間報刊的傳播力量顯得十分薄弱。而要適應自媒體時代的發展，民間報刊普遍缺乏技術、資金和人才，做出相關應變比較困難。《作家新苑》主編紀學軍將民間報刊分為紙刊和網刊，他認為，紙刊將與中老年人一路同行，更多為中老年服務，尤其是喜歡集報或者崇尚精閱讀的人群。而網刊則將倚仗天生優勢迅猛發展。未來紙刊與網刊將會在雙軌發展中，進行互補與合作。《詩歌報》主編于懷玉在發言中談到：20世紀70年代后期，中國民間詩歌再次興起，主要是城市詩歌（文藝）社團和城市大學生詩歌社團促進了民間詩歌刊物的發展，對城市文化的發展起到了實際意義上的繁榮與見證。2000年開始由于網絡的互動性與及時性，民間詩刊得到長足發展。自2010年文學自媒體（博客、微博）和社交媒體（微信）的興起，交互式民間詩刊滲透到了城市文化的日常和末梢，在碎片化的同時，也將海派文化的民間出版物帶入縱深階段。上海社會科學院文學研究所助理研究員、詩人張瑞燕認為，隨著科技的日新月異，網絡論壇已經式微，更新的自媒體：個人博客、微博也過了熱火朝天的時期，目前大部分詩人立足于微信，微信的簡短、便捷、迅速傳播似乎為詩歌而設，目前已成為中國當代詩歌傳播的主要工具，自媒體時代，微信公眾號已成為最大的詩歌民刊。

民間報刊發展前景是大家共同關注的問題。《世界散文詩人辭海》總編纂秦華認為，民間報刊在對傳統文化的繼承以及滿足最普通人群的文化需要上的意義是無法被替代的，它讓文學呈現出本真的狀態。但在新媒體時代，傳統媒體受到的沖擊日益劇烈，各民刊應當創新整合、善于經營，以此在文化多元化中發揮更積極的作用。《城市詩人》執行主編朱鐵武提到，民間報刊將向著無紙化、集約化、數字化的方向發展。隨著人們文化認識水平的提高，民間報刊將與主流媒體形成良性互補，時代的主流意識會在民間報刊里出現，主流媒體也將民間化，主流與非主流媒體的邊界將會日益模糊，民間報刊從內容到形式都會提高到一個新的水平。上海文藝網副總編季國強從體制改革的角度對民間報刊的發展提出了建議，如實行民刊備案制度、改革刊號制度、建立民刊評獎制度等。海派詩人社社長付明著重分析了民間報刊的經濟基礎、人員素質、合作精神，并提出了推動民間報刊發展的建議。《浦江詩薈》主編張儀飛認為，目前上海民間報刊的生存現狀是剃頭挑子一頭熱，民間詩社活躍而官方機構冷淡，提出要以合縱的思路明確自己的方向、位置、宗旨，求新變通，以思路、創意取勝，在發展中求生存；要以連橫的方法加強詩社間更廣泛和更深入的合作，進行資源共享并建立合作共同體，突破小范圍詩社間鄰居串門式的互相來往。上海社會科學院文學研究所研究員蔡豐明指出，要從政府、社會和個人三方面逐步建立相應的激勵機制。政府方面應當為民間辦報營造良好的環境，放寬審核標準，加強監督管理。社會方面應當建立基金會等形式給予資金扶持。個人方面應當逐步培養一批熱心人，特別是一批民間精英加入辦報事業，提高辦報的學術層次。

此次會議是一次民間報刊的盛會，會上大家一致表示，民間報刊在保持民間特色的同時，要積極融入城市公共文化建設，批評假丑惡，弘揚真善美，進一步推動民間報刊事業的健康發展。

責任編輯：沈潔

Abstract: This essay analyses Liu Xie’s literary ideas in his book The Litrary Mind and the Carving of the Dragon from these four aspects: wen ben hu dao， literary style， shensi composing and zhiyin appreciation. Firstly， he proposes the general question of yuan dao. Secondly， the book of The Litrary Mind and the Carving of the Dragon epitomizes the stylistics in Wei-Jin， Southern & Northern Dynasties periods， composing of four elements. Thirdly， The Litrary Mind and the Carving of the Dragon involves discussions on literary composition from the beginning to the end， with the essay of shensi as the genenal idea. Fourthly， the book expounds the idea of appreciation.

English Abstracts To Explore Cultural Resources & to Promote the Development of Creative Cultural Industry

Fan Yugang

Abstract:The document Certain Opinions about the Thorough Exploration of Outstanding Cultural Resources and the Promotion of Cultural Creative Product Development is published by the Ministry of Culture and other three ministries. It finds the breakthrough point from the policy innovation to deepen the reform of cultural market system， which is helpful for the further improvement of modern cultural market system， and for the flow of cultural resources over the nation. It can also promote the combination of cultural resources with capital and market，and can drive the culture industry of synergistic development by creative cultural industry， thus fulfilling the internal target to strenthen the cultural industry development system during the period of China’s “The Thirteeth Five-Year Plan”.

New Steps to Further the Reform of Non-Profit Cultural Relics Units

Qi Shuyu

Abstract: The paper argues that cultural relics units’ development of the cultural creative products based on their collection resources contributes to the promotion of the creative transformation of traditional cultural resources， to the improvement of the cultural relics units’ selfdevelopment ability and to the innovation of management system of such units. It needs to correctly understand the non-profit cultural relics units’functions， to promote the innovation of the management system of such units， to explore the modes of development of cultural creative products，to adopt proper methods in different situations， and to manage accordingly， in order to promote the development of cultural creative products. Promoting the innovation of the management system of such units is the safeguard of the cultural relics units’ development of the cultural creative products based on their collection resources contributes. Therefore， it is necessary to perfect the evaluation system of the cultural relics units， to establish a good reward mechanism on good behaviors， and to strengthen social supervision.

To Promote Cultural and Creative Product Development by Getting Rid of “Identity Imprison” First

Ruan Ke

Abstract: Public services can't be simply interpreted as “no fee， free service”， and “not for profit”isn’t equivalent to “can not profit”. As most of the state-owned cultural relics units belong to the “public service category of” institutions which financial incomes and expenses are apart on two lines， they have no incentive to develop cultural and creative products. Since cultural and creative products are non-public cultural productsby nature， this paper argues that in ensuring under the premise of providing basic public cultural services， the state-owned cultural relics units can provide non-essential cultural services and value-added services， including cultural and creative products.

The Ways of Believing & Contemporary Cultural and Social Thoughts

Li Xiangping， Zhang Xiaoyi

Abstract: Facing the crisis of beliefs in China， this paper reponds and denies the viewpoint of “the loss of beliefs”， and discusses the multiple inter-construction between the ways of believing， social thoughts and cultural construction by reviewing the history and the debates on beliefs in China and the West. The individualization of believing， nationalism and cultural populism have a profound influence on the ways of believing and the cultural construction of the society. The key to the belief issues in contemporary China is centerned on the transform of ways of believing from private issues to social ones， especially the formation of public common values among a variety of beliefs.

On the Ways of Confucian Acculturation and the Construction of China’s Contemporary Belief

Li Jinglin

Abstract: The rites and music and the religious system in Zhou Dynasty， after undergoing a value transformation by Confucian metaphysics，has turned to be a real “moral religion” and a foundation of values and beliefs for Chinese societies over thousands of years. This rite system has changed with the history to adapt to different times， which ensures the integration of its principles with different social life， and thus maintains a continuous living life-nature. Therefore， Confucian acculturation is universal and inclusive. The reestablishment of China’s contemporary belief is a reconstruction not only of rite system， but also of theoretic thoughts combining tradition and making it adaptable. Only by this way can we ensure a bright prospect for the reconstruction of China’s contemporary belief.

To Focusing on the Study of Contemporary Belief: A Conference Review of “The Belief in China’s Contemporary Development of Culture”

Shen Jie

Abstract: In order to promote the discussion on belief， an academic symposium is held in Beijing and Shanghai， and several dozens of experts and scholars from the Cultural Study and Development Center of Peking University， Si Guan College， Shanghai Culture of the Institute of Literature of Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences， and Academic Monthly of Shanghai Federation of Social Science Association take part in the conference. They have a heated discussion on the subjective theories of belief， the relation between belief and contemporary society， and the belief tradition in China.

Anti-Oedipus and Lust Machine （part 2）

Gilles Deleuze & Felix Guattari， trans by Dong Shubao

Abstract: By comparing desiring-production and social production， Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari makes a distinguish between territorial machine， despotic machine and capitalist machine. They emphasize the significant relation between schizophrenia and capitalism， and thus construct a materialist psychiatry.

On Frankfurt School under the Influence of Simmel and his Critical Path

Yang Xiangrong

Abstract: Academic circles generally believes that the Frankfurt School’s literature and art aesthetic thoughts is the continuation and development of the literature and art aesthetics classical Marxist. But in the history of the Frankfurt school， the influence of Simmel makes Frankfurt School stretch the Marx's critique of political economy of capitalism in the field of sociology， aesthetics， culture and art. Based on the literary theory， sociology， aesthetics， art and other multidisciplinary perspective， we can construct the thoughts association of Simmel and Frankfurt School from dimensions of cultural diagnosis， fragments of modernity， modern people， aesthetic dimension and aesthetic salvation of modern art.

The Communication of Thunderstorm on Shanghai Modern Drama Stage

Cao Lingyan

Abstract: After Cao Yu’s classic plays Thunderstorm was published in 1934， it was wide spread in various forms such as drama， movie，radio play and traditional opera， and written in modern Chinese literary history. Thunderstorm’s outstanding artistic creation and its nationalized，theaterized features meet the needs and aesthetic tendency of the urbanization development of Shanghai. Local operas in Shanghai like Shen Qu，Yue Opera， Ping Opera make performance of it， which not only broadens the influence of Thunderstorm， demonstrating its stage charm and artistic life， but also enhances the artistic taste of local operas， promoting the modern operas’transformation and development， bringing positive effect of its communication.

The Image of the Ghost: The Spirit Photography in Sheng De Tan

Wang Hongchao

Abstract: The spirit photography is to photograph the ghost or the dead people. It first appeared in America and was introduced to China by Wu Tingfang later. In China， it was coupled with Fuji and caused a great response. The most famous spirit photography is the affair that after Xu Banhou， a Wenzhou person， died of shipwreck， his family photographed him through Fuji. These photoes were published in the journal launched by Sheng De Tan and caused a sensation.Then many spirit photography activities were held there. This paper focuses on these spirit photograph activities held in The Sheng De Tan and the reasons for its termination.

Free Marriage， Alteration of Old Customs and “Refined Revolution”: The Story of “Luohanqian”

Zhang Lianhong

Abstract: Luohanqian， a traditional love token， appears in many texts in modern China. This paper is based on a story of the fate of two generations linked by the old and new Luohanqian. While studying the different versions on the story from Zhao Shuli’s Registration， an old fashioned storytelling novel propaganding free marriage， to its Hu opera adaption titled “luohanqian”， till a famous movie version spreading all over China， this paper analyses the radical political movement in cultural practice by the mass and the “refined revolution” in day-to-day life，reflecting on the social renovation characterized by free marriage， and the cultural image and historical influence brought by the alteration of old customs in the social revolution.

The Unique Construction of The History of Chinese Diet Aesthetics Bookreview of Zhao Jianjun’s A History of Chinese diet Aesthetics

Liu Qiang

Abstract: In recent years， The research of China food culture is just unfolding to deep development increasingly. As one of the new results，Zhao Jianjun’s A History of Chinese diet Aesthetics has exceptional academic significance because of its completing of the scientific construction of the history of Chinese diet aesthetics at first time. The book’s theoretical logic and connotation are prominently reflected below. First， “history goes before logic” as the most important academic principles is to be strictly abided by， and its theoretical logic and ideaistic system are based on deliberate historical facts. Secondly， the book traces and interprets the whole process of the integration between Chinese diet and cultural aesthetics， exploring the historical relation between the deep value system of Chinese culture and “the concept of tasting” of dietetic aesthetics，vividly demonstrating the ontology exists and the value realm of the Chinese diet aesthetics. In addition， the book also highlights the “aesthetic”expression from dietetic aesthetics.

Interpretation of Liu Xie’s Literary Thoughts （Part Ⅱ）

Tong Qingbing