雅安市制鞋業(yè)有機溶劑監(jiān)測情況分析

摘要：目的 分析近3年（2012～2014）雅安市制鞋業(yè)中有機溶劑暴露情況，以及制鞋業(yè)中有機溶劑所致職業(yè)病的發(fā)病特點、規(guī)律和趨勢。方法 匯總分析近3年雅安市制鞋業(yè)有機溶劑監(jiān)測結果和工人職業(yè)健康檢查結果。結果 雅安市制鞋業(yè)存在有機溶劑暴露，以苯最為嚴重，其次為正己烷和甲苯；到2014年制鞋業(yè)工人疑似慢性苯中毒檢出率明顯上升，已高達12.43%，主要為疑似輕度苯中毒，且集中在排鞋扣底、整理出光和免幫等工種。結論 制鞋業(yè)應做好有機溶劑防護工作，特別注意防止苯和正己烷的急慢性職業(yè)性中毒的發(fā)生，尤以排鞋扣底、整理出光和免幫等工種工人為重點關注對象。

關鍵詞：制鞋業(yè)；有機溶劑；慢性苯中毒；監(jiān)測

Analysis of Ya'an Footwear Organic Solvent Monitoring

FENG De-quan，LI Mei，ZHENG Liu-jing

（Ya'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention，Ya'an 625000，Sichuan，China）

Abstract：Objective This article is to analyze the past three years（2012～2014）ya'an shoemaking in organic solvents exposure，as well as the characteristics，patterns and trends of the occupational disease caused by organic solvent in shoemaking. Methods Summary analysis in nearly three years ya'an shoemaking workers'occupational health examination results and monitoring results. Results Ya'an shoemaking is expose to organic solvents，and benzene is most serious，followed by n-hexane and toluene；Shoemaking workers'suspected chronic benzene poisoning detection rate had rise obviously in 2014，and the detection rate was as high as 12.43%.Suspected chronic benzene poisoning mainly in mild benzene poisoning，and concentrated in the row of the bottom of the shoe buckle，sorting and spray paint，and brush glue workers. Conclusion Shoe industry should do well in organic solvent protection work，pay special attention to prevent workers to the Acute or chronic occupational benzene and n-hexane poisoning occurred，especially in the row of the bottom of the shoe buckle，sorting and spray paint，and brush glue workers to focus on objects.

Key words：Shoe industry；Organic solvent；Chronic benzene poisoning；Monitoring

雅安市現(xiàn)有制鞋工藝基本為下料、縫幫、免幫、排鞋、扣底、出光、整理、檢驗、裝配，其中免幫、排鞋、扣底、出光、整理均要使用有機溶劑粘合劑，含苯、甲苯、二甲苯、正已烷等職業(yè)性有害因素。國際癌癥研究中心（IARC）已確認苯為人類致癌物，長期接觸低濃度苯蒸氣可引起慢性苯中毒。雅安市制鞋業(yè)均為私營小型企業(yè)，大部分為家庭式作坊，工人以女性為主。廠房建筑或布局不合理，通風不良，有毒與無毒作業(yè)安排在一個車間，工人未配備有效的勞動防護用品，職業(yè)病防控意識淡漠。本文就近3年（2012～2014）雅安市制鞋業(yè)中有機溶劑監(jiān)測情況進行分析。

1資料與方法

1.1一般資料 2012～2014年連續(xù)3年雅安市制鞋業(yè)有機溶劑（甲醛、苯系物、正己烷等）項目監(jiān)測工作，其中2012～2014年間分別有26家、24家和16家制鞋企業(yè)。……