摘要:目的 分析老年肺結核(PTB)患者應用抗結核藥物治療的藥物不良反(ADR)發生情況及其防治措施。方法 回顧分析380例抗結核藥物治療PTB患者的臨床資料,其中,184例老年患者作為老年組,196例青壯年患者作為青壯年組,對比兩組的ADR發生情況。結果 老年組的ADR發生率為60.87%,顯著高于青壯年組的32.65%(P<0.05);老年組的ADR發生時間較青壯年組明顯提前(P<0.05)。結論 老年PTB患者在抗結核藥物治療過程中較青壯年更容易發生ADR,且ADR程度更為明顯、出現時間更早,根據老年患者的病情及ADR特點合理調整用藥方案有利于減少ADR發生。
關鍵詞:老年患者;肺結核;抗結核藥物;藥物不良反應
Analysis of Adverse Drug Reactions in the Treatment of Tuberculosis in Elderly Patients
ZHOU Lin-li
(Shuangliu County Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu 610200,Sichuan,China)
Abstract:Objective To analyze incidence and prevention measures of the adverse drug reactions(ADR)of anti-tuberculosis drugs in elderly patients with tuberculosis(PTB).Methods Retrospective analysis of 380 cases of anti-TB drugs in patients with clinical data of PTB,in which 184 cases of elderly patients as the older group,196 cases of young patients as young group,the ADR occurrence of the two groups were compared.Results The ADR incidence of elderly group was 60.87%,significantly higher than 32.65%of young adults group(P<0.05);The ADR occurred time of older group,was significantly earlier than the young group(P<0.05).Conclusion Elderly patients with PTB are more likely to occur the ADR than young adults during anti-TB drugs treatment,ADR level is more obvious and focused sooner,adjust medication according to the condition and characteristics of elderly patients will help to reduce the ADR.
Key words:Elderly patients;Tuberculosis;Anti-tuberculosis drugs;Adverse drug reactions
老年肺結核(PTB)患者常伴有多臟器、系統功能衰退,加之常合并多種基礎疾病,在抗結核治療過程中更容易初選藥物代謝障礙,體內藥物蓄積量較青壯年更多,且自體解毒、排泄率不及青壯年,故更容易發生藥物不良反應(ADR)[1]。由于老年患者的病理生理條件較為特殊,ADR反應損害可能較青壯年更為嚴重,如不及時治療干預,可能因不耐受ADR而中斷甚至終止治療,嚴重影響抗結核療效[2]。本研究觀察分析了老年與青壯年PTB患者在抗結核治療過程中的ADR發生特點。
1 資料與方法
1.1一般資料 收集2013年1月~2015年10月,我定點醫院接受抗結核藥物治療的PTB患者380例,均符合PTB診斷標準。根據年齡進行分組,其中,20~60歲196例作為青壯年組,其中,男122例,女74例,平均年齡(45.12±2.23)歲;痰涂片結核分枝桿菌檢查112例陽性。>60歲184例為老年組,其中,男114例,女70例,平均年齡(72.69±3.01)歲;痰涂片結核分枝桿菌檢查101例陽性。……