先進吸收式制冷循環構建理論及其應用研究

陳光明 王勤 洪大良 唐黎明 韓曉紅

摘 要：該研究提出了制冷能力的新概念，并將其用于吸收式制冷循環性能的分析及其新循環的構建。針對中低溫大溫降余熱利用不充分的技術難題，該報告創建了一種結構形式簡單、能高效利用該類熱源的先進吸收式制冷循環，理論研究結果顯示，在所研究的工況范圍內，新循環單位質量熱源流體的制冷量比傳統單效循環高20%以上。針對低溫余熱難以高效利用的技術難題，該報告通過合理利用或者改變溶液的現實擴散制冷能力，根據不同工況的需求，分別構建了3個新的先進吸收式制冷循環。理論研究表明：新構建的循環比傳統循環具有更高的效率。針對中溫余熱難以高效利用的技術難題，該報告分別構建了兩個1.x效吸收式制冷循環。理論研究表明，在所研究工況范圍內，新提出的1.x效吸收式制冷循環的COP比傳統單效循環可以提高20%左右。為了驗證所提出的新循環及其所采用的理論模型，該課題設計并搭建了1.x效吸收式制冷循環實驗裝置。實驗研究表明，當蒸發溫度為5 ℃、吸收溫度和冷凝溫度為40 ℃、發生溫度為135.3 ℃的時候，新循環的COP比傳統單效循環的COP提高20%左右，當發生溫度為127 ℃、冷凝溫度和吸收溫度為40 ℃、蒸發溫度為10 ℃時，新循環的COP能達到1左右，比傳統單效循環COP高30%左右，從而在實驗上驗證了新循環具有比傳統循環高得多的效率。

關鍵詞：動力余熱驅動 吸收式制冷 循環構型 制冷能力

Abstract：Considering the characteristic of the process of the cooling， this report proposes a new concept named after cooling availability. And it is used to analyze the absorption refrigeration cycles and construct advanced absorption refrigeration cycles. For the technical problem of that the waste heat with large temperature glide at medium-low temperature are not made full use， a new advanced absorption refrigeration cycle whith simple structure is constructed in this report. Simulation results show that the cooling consuming per unit mass of the heating fluid of the new cycle is always 20% higher than that of conventional single effect cycle. For the technical problem of that it is difficult to make efficient use of the waste heat at low temperature， this report constructs three new advanced absorption refrigeration cycles based on cooling availability analysis method.The simulation results show that the performance of the new cycles are better than that of conventional cycles at most simulated working conditions. For the technical problem of that it is difficult to make efficient use of the waste heat at medium temperature， this report constructs two 1.x effect absorption refrigeration cycles. The simulation results show that the COP of the 1.x effect absorption refrigeration cycles is 20% higher than that of conventional single effect cycle at some simulated working conditions. To validate the performance of the proposed new cycles and theory model used in this report， an experimental system of a 1.x effect absorption refrigeration cycle is designed and built， which is one type of 1.x effect absorption refrigeration cycle. The experimental research shows that， when evaporation temperature is 5 ℃， absorption temperature and condensation temperature are 40 ℃， if the generation temperature reaches to 135.3℃， the COP of the new cycle is about 0.9 and 20% higher than that of conventional single effect cycle， when generation temperature is 127 ℃， absorption temperature and condensation temperature are 40 ℃， if the evaporation temperature reaches to 10 ℃， the COP of the ejector-absorption combined refrigeration system is about 1 and 30% higher than that of conventional single effect cycle. Then the performance of the constructed new cycles being better than that of conventional cycle is proved by experiment.

Key Words：Absorption Refrigeration；Cycle Configuration；Cooling Availability；Theoretical Analysis；Experimental Study

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