產油細菌中的中性酯儲存機制研究

丁云峰 杭海英 劉平生 葉琛

摘 要：傳統化石燃料的日漸枯竭迫使我們尋找新型可再生清潔能源。與此同時，隨著大氣中二氧化碳的濃度的日益升高，溫室效應越來越嚴重。人工構建以陽光為能源、以二氧化碳為原料合成高能源物質長鏈脂質的光合產油菌可以同時解決這兩個問題。自然界已存在多種光合菌，這些光合菌雖然能夠利用太陽光能固定二氧化碳產烴和產脂肪酸，但產率較低。其中一個關鍵原因是這些光合菌缺乏有效的脂質儲存機制。首先要研究清楚產油細菌中的中性酯儲存機制，發現構建光合菌的基本元件，然后構建和優化光合產油菌。這里我們選取濁紅球菌Rhodococcus opacus PD630為模式生物進行相關研究。（1）完成了一株高效產油菌的基因組測序工作，并使用比較基因組學等生物信息學技術比較了其轉錄組和蛋白組，找到與脂滴形成的關鍵蛋白。（2）利用生物化學、分子生物學和信息生物學等多學科交叉方法，尋找并分析研究對脂滴形成和動態變化的關鍵蛋白，例如目前正在研究的SNARE樣蛋白和Dynamin樣蛋白等。（3）將脂滴形成或脂質代謝相關的目標基因整合至光合藍細菌中。（4）利用Rhodococcus sp.RHA1強大的降解能力有效清除污染物，并將這些污染物轉化為甘油三酯作為生物柴油的原料。

關鍵詞：生物能源 光合產油菌 脂滴

Abstract： We have an urgent need to find regeneration clean energy for the reason of disappearing fossil energy. In the meanwhile， the warm effect became more and more severe because of the increasing CO2 concentration. Constructing a super bacterium that can use sun energy and consuming CO2 can solve these two problems. Although there are many cyanobacteria present in nature， they have very low efficient to convert CO2 to fatty acid. One of the problem is they do not have efficient ability to storage neutral lipid. Thus， we firstly need to investigate the mechanism of neutral lipid storage in oleaginous bacteria， and find the key proteins in this pathway before constructing super bacteria. Here， we select Rhodococcus opacus PD630 as a model system to investigate the neutral lipid storage mechanism.（1）We have sequenced a strain of oleaginous bacterium， and find the key proteins for lipid droplet formation through comparative genomics， transcriptomics， and proteomics. （2）We have fund key proteins involved in lipid droplet formation and dynamic changes， such as SNARE like proteins and Dynamin like proteins using biochemistry， molecular biology， as well as bioinformatics. （3）We are exploring the efficient method to insert lipid metabolism related genes in to cynanobacteria. （4）We have successfully convert the contaminants into neutral lipid using the powerful ability of Rhodococcus sp. RHA1.

Key Words：Biofuel； Oleaginous cyanobacteria； Lipid droplets

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