煤制烯烴技術經濟性能和生命周期評價

錢宇 楊思 宇項東

摘要：傳統的烯烴生產嚴重依賴石油。世界石油儲量越來越少，價格持續上漲，烯烴供求矛盾在中國為代表的發展中國家中尤為突出，發展非石油路線烯烴生產技術迫在眉睫。中國是一個富煤、貧油、少氣的國家，煤制烯烴技術有望成為烯烴生產的一項重要的替代路線。煤炭路線具有較大的成本優勢。然而，煤制烯烴工藝路線的能耗、水耗、CO2排放分別是石油路線的2倍、3倍和4倍；煤制烯烴投資高于石油制烯烴的投資，60萬噸煤制烯烴裝置的單位烯烴投資是150萬噸石油制烯烴裝置的3倍。煤制烯烴工藝技術和公用工程都還有很大的技術改進和集成優化的空間，裝置規模有待進一步提高。甲醇制烯烴盡管投資低和CO2排放小，但其產品成本高且受原料市場價格波動影響很大。增加了CCS的煤制烯烴路線可大幅降低CO2排放，且其對能效和經濟性能影響不大。當CO2 捕集率為80%時，其CO2減排成本為150 RMB/t，與當前碳稅基本持平。兩者相比，具有CCS的煤制烯烴的產品成本低和抵御風險能力強。針對煤制烯烴路線高能耗高排放的問題，開發應用天然氣/焦爐氣聯供煤制烯烴過程，有望推進富碳原料和富氫原料元素互補和能量集成的過程創新，實現CO2減排，同時提高能量利用效率。升級現有的煤粉碎與除塵設備，可減少PM環境治理成本，提高其生命周期經濟性能。

關鍵詞：煤制烯烴；石油制烯烴；CO2捕集和封存；甲醇制烯烴；技術經濟；生命周期分析

Techno-economic performance and life cycle analysis of the coal-to-olefins process

Abstract：Traditional olefins production is heavily dependent on oil. However， the world oil resource is increasingly depleted. Although the yield of olefins increases year by year in China， it still could not satisfy the quick demand. Developing alternative oil route for olefins production is urgently needed. The Chinese energy structure is charcterized by richess in coal and shortage in natural gas and oil. Coal-to-olefins technology is expected to become an inportant alternative route of olefins production. Results show that coal based olefins process has prominent advantage in product cost. However， it suffers from the limitations of higher energy consumption， water usage， CO2 emissions， and captal investment， of which the ratios to the oil-to-olefins process are 2， 3，4， and 4， respectively. There is a large room for technological improvement and process integration in coal-to-olefins plants. Although the methanol-to-olefins process has the advantages of low capital investment and environmental impact， its product cost is much higher and its economic performance is easily influenced by methanol price. Adding CCS to the coal-to-olefins process could largely reduce CO2 emissions and the coresponding energetic and economic penalties has relative small effect. When carbon capture rate is 80%， its mitigation cost is 150 RMB/t， roughly equivalent to the international carbon tax. Thus， coal-to-olefins with CCS could relieve the conflit between the supply and demand of olefins， meanwhile reduce CO2 emissions， and manifest a strong anti-risk capacity to the raw material market. In order to solve the problems of high energy consumption and serious emissions of the coal-to-olefins process， development and application of co-feed system of natural gas/ coke oven gas and coal to olefins processes is expected to promote energy integration， and element complementary of carbon-rich and hydrogen-rich raw material. Upgrading existing equipments for coal pulverization and removing dust could reduce cost for environmental improvement and improving the life cycle economic performance of the coal-to-olefins process.

Keywords：Coal-to-olefins； Oil-to-olefins， CCS， methanol-to-olefins； Techno-economic， Life cycle analysis

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