“復雜化工過程物質轉化機理與能效分析”立項報告

周興貴　袁希剛　李平　許志美　袁渭康

摘 要：我國化學工業整體水平距離世界先進水平仍有較大差距，缺乏核心競爭力；同時面臨著節能、減排和降耗等迫切要求。隨著介觀和微觀物理化學現象測量與表征技術的進步，以及計算機和計算方法的飛速發展，開始具備條件認識和描述物質轉化過程中涉及的復雜物理化學過程。近年來化學工程的研究工作已從宏觀現象描述和實驗數據關聯逐步轉向對物質轉化過程的本質的認識。該項目將以乙烯工業中的主要生產單元為主要研究對象，研究主要反應的反應機理和動力學；流場結構形成機制與調控和反應/傳遞過程協同機制及能效分析。通過研究分析過程與設備行為特征，確定和優化對過程能效有決定性影響的特征結構。形成基于微觀反應動力學建立宏觀反應動力學模型的方法、利用反應-擴散模擬預測顆粒動力學的方法以及反應動力學與流場結構有機結合的過程模型化方法，建立物質轉化機理與過程效率的聯系，用以實現過程行為的預測和優化。提出基于反應器內構件結構優化的流體流動和相間接觸結構化及過程強化方法，包括特定結構內構件的構建、內構件及其組合與操作方式的匹配、特定內構件與其相應的操作參數協調等，以對反應器的多尺度流場結構進行多方面、多層次協同控制，到達反應/傳遞協同增效的目標。形成通過塔間或塔內透熱的乙烯精餾分離系統能量集成關鍵技術，從根本上提高精餾過程熱力學效率，實現乙烯分離流程的單元設備節能10%以上。

關鍵詞：復雜化工過程 物質轉化機理 能效分析 反應動力學 反應/傳遞耦合 傳遞/傳遞耦合 乙烯工業

Abstract：The state of art of chemical industries as a whole in our country is far behind the advanced level in the world， as testified by the lack of the core competitiveness. The techniques for energies saving， wastes reduction and consumption lowering are highly desired. With the development of the measurement and characterization techniques and the advance of computer hardware and software， the researchers now have the capability of cognition and description of the complicated chemical process. The researches in chemical engineering field have been transferred from correlation of macroscopic phenomena to description of the intrinsic mass transformation mechanism. Targeted to the important process units in ethylene industry， the reaction mechanisms and kinetics of some main reactions， the formation mechanism and its adjustment of the fluid field and the synergic effects and energy efficiencies of the coupled reaction/transportation process are to be studies in this project to analyze the characteristics of process and equipment behaviors and determine the key structure properties for the process energy efficiencies. The methods of modeling macro-kinetics based on microkinetic analysis， prediction of apparent kinetics on catalyst particles by multi-scale reaction-diffusion modeling and process simulation by combined kinetics and computational fluid dynamics are to be developed， by which the relationship between mass transformation mechanism and energy efficiencies is to be built for prediction and optimization the process performances. A practical way based on novel inserts designs and their matching with operation conditions is brought out to achieve the synergic manipulation of multi-scale fluid field to improve the process energy efficiencies. The novel ethylene purification process by adopting intermediate heat-integrated sequence of distillation columns is proposed. This process would fundamentally improve the energy efficiencies of distillation columns and save energy consumption of ethylene purification process above 10%.

Key Words：Complicated chemical processes；Mass transformation mechanism；Reaction kinetics；Coupled reaction/transportation； Coupled transportation/ transportation；Ethylene industry

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