房艷宇 羅曉光 蘇 陽 謝 欣 田旭聰 范麗婷 任 艷
(齊齊哈爾醫學院附屬第三醫院神經內科,齊齊哈爾161000)
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探討BV2細胞活化中是否存在p38MAPK及JAK2-STAT通路的磷酸化激活①
房艷宇羅曉光蘇陽謝欣田旭聰范麗婷任艷
(齊齊哈爾醫學院附屬第三醫院神經內科,齊齊哈爾161000)
[摘要]目的:探索CD200R在LPS誘導的小膠質細胞炎癥模型中的作用以及是否有pho-p38MAPK及phoJAK2-STAT通路的激活。方法:采用小膠質細胞進行研究,將細胞用CD200R抗體及LPS處理,ELISA檢測TNF-α及IL-1β的分泌。Western blot檢驗p38MAPK、JAK2、pho-p38MAPK及pho-JAK2-STAT表達。為證實這兩條通路是炎癥的下游通路,分別應用兩者的阻斷劑處理細胞后再次檢測炎癥因子的分泌。結果:在小膠質細胞表面有CD200R的表達;應用CD200R的阻斷性抗體后,TNF-α及IL-1β分泌均增多,較對照組及LPS組比較差異具有統計學意義(P<0.05),并且有pho-p38MAPK及pho-JAK2-STAT的激活;阻斷劑SB203580及AG490均能抑制TNF-α及IL-1β的分泌。結論:pho-p38MAPK及pho-JAK2-STAT兩條通路是LPS及CD200R抗體誘導的小膠質細胞炎癥反應的下游通路。
[關鍵詞]CD200R;BV2 細胞;TNF-α;IL-1β;pho-p38MAPK;pho-JAK2-STAT
帕金森病(PD)是中樞神經系統常見的變性病,其發病機制尚不完全清楚,目前認為:遺傳因素、環境因素、免疫/炎癥反應等參與了其病理過程[1,2]。眾所周知,小膠質細胞是中樞神經系統內的常駐免疫細胞,在中樞神經系統固有免疫中發揮重要作用[3],然而,小膠質細胞的慢性活化可以導致TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6等炎性因子的異常分泌,進而引發神經炎癥及神經變性疾病[4]。近年來的研究表明,CD200-CD200R通路是中樞神經系統內下調小膠質細胞活化的重要機制[5,6]。CD200主要表達在包括神經元在內的多種細胞中,而其受體CD200R則特異表達在包括小膠質細胞在內的髓系細胞(Myeloid)中,兩者結構相似,均屬于跨膜糖蛋白[7-10]。動物炎癥模型中,阻斷兩者中任何一方的表達均可以使小膠質細胞激活,并且在細胞活化過程中伴有炎癥相關通路的激活,而MAPK(Mitogen-activated protein kinase,絲裂原活化蛋白激酶)及JAK-STAT(Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription,酪氨酸激酶-信號轉導子與轉錄激活子)[11]是與炎癥密切相關的兩條通路。本實驗應用BV2細胞代替小膠質細胞,應用CD200R抗體及LPS處理細胞誘導其活化,發現了其下游有pho-p38MAPK及pho-JAK2-STAT通路的激活。
1材料與方法
1.1細胞培養用含10% FBS的DMEM高糖培養基(購自Hyclone,美國)培養BV2細胞(購自北京協和細胞庫)每2~3 d傳代一次,待細胞生長良好貼壁達到90%左右時用于實驗。
1.2方法
1.2.1具體分組A:CD200R抗體(Abcam公司,美國)及LPS(Sigma公司,美國)處理組;B:LPS處理組;C:對照組;收集各組中的細胞及上清液。
1.2.2免疫熒光檢測CD200R的表達96孔板培養BV2細胞,4%多聚甲醛固定15 min后,0.3%Triton打孔15 min,5%BSA封閉0.5 h,加入1∶1000稀釋的CD200R過夜,熒光二抗孵育1.5 h,每步驟之間均用PBS洗3次,每次5 min,熒光顯微鏡下觀察。
1.2.3ELISA檢測TNF-α及IL-1β的分泌以非處理組上清做對照,每孔均設立2個復孔,實驗共重復3次,分別按照TNF-α(R&D)及IL-1β(R&D)的使用說明書,在抗體包被的96孔板中分別加入標準樣品及待測樣本、生物標記二抗及酶標試劑,37℃,反應1 h,洗板5次,加入顯色劑A、B,37℃顯色10 min,加終止液,以酶標儀檢測波長為450nm的光密度值。
1.2.4Western blot檢測p38MAPK、pho-p38MAPK及pho-JAK2-STAT的濃度分別收集A、B、C三組細胞,提取蛋白,BCA蛋白定量法用PAGE蛋白上樣緩沖液配制等體積等濃度的待測蛋白,配膠、上樣電泳,冰上轉膜,5%BSA封閉1 h,敷一抗p38MAPK(1∶1 000稀釋,cellsignal)、pho-p38MAPK(1∶1 000稀釋,cellsignal),pho-JAK2-STAT(1∶1 000稀釋,Abcam),α-tubulin(1∶1 000稀釋,CST),4℃過夜,TBST洗膜后,二抗孵育2 h,ECL發光儀發光。

2結果
2.1免疫熒光結果熒光顯微鏡(20倍下)觀察BV2細胞為單層貼壁細胞,胞體細長呈梭形,發出較多分支,見圖1。結果表明:CD200R可表達于BV2細胞表面,這為我們接下來使用CD200R阻斷性抗體阻斷BV2細胞表面CD200R的表達使細胞更大程度上活化,進而研究細胞活化過程中相關激活的炎癥通路奠定了基礎。
2.2ELISA檢測炎癥因子表達結果在不加任何處理因素的情況下TNF-α及IL-1β均有基礎分泌,單加LPS后細胞活化,兩者分泌增多,而用CD200R抗體及LPS處理后較單獨的LPS處理而言,BV2細胞活化更加明顯,見圖2、3,兩種炎癥因子分泌繼續增多,各組比較差異均具有統計學意義(P<0.05)。

圖1 BV2細胞表面CD200R的表達情況Fig.1 Expression of CD200R on surface of BV2 cellsNote: A.CD200R;B.Hoechst;C.Merge.

圖2 TNF-α分泌(ng/L)Fig.2 Expression of TNF-α(ng/L)Note: A.The group of CD200R and LPS handle the microglia;B.The group of LPS handle the microglia;C.Control group.*.P<0.05.

圖3 IL-1β分泌(ng/L)Fig.3 Expression of IL-1β(ng/L)Note: A.The group of CD200R and LPS handle the microglia;B.The group of LPS handle the microglia;C.Control group.*.P<0.05.

圖4 pho-p38MAPK及p38MAPK的表達Fig.4 Expression of pho-p38MAPK and p38MAPKNote: A.The group of CD200R and LPS handle the microglia;B.The group of LPS handle the microglia;C.Control group.*.P<0.05.

圖5 pho-p38MAPK與p38MAPK比值Fig.5 Ratio of pho-p38MAPK and p38MAPKNote: A.The group of CD200R and LPS handle the microglia;B.The group of LPS handle the microglia;C.Control group.*.P<0.05.

圖6 pho-JAK2-STAT 表達Fig.6 Expression of pho-JAK2-STATNote: A.The group of CD200R and LPS handle the microglia;B.The group of LPS handle the microglia;C.Control group.*.P<0.05.

圖7 pho-JAK2-STAT與α-tubulin比值Fig.7 Ratio of pho-JAK2-STAT and α-tubulinNote: A.The group of CD200R and LPS handle the microglia;B.The group of LPS handle the microglia;C.Control group.*.P<0.05.
2.3Western blot 結果Western blot檢測三組中P38MAPK、pho-P38MAPK、pho-JAK2-STAT及α-Tubulin的表達,并進行灰度值分析,結果如圖4~7。兩種磷酸化蛋白及半定量分析待測蛋白與內參比而言,A組顯著高于B組、顯著高于C組,說明在CD200R抗體及LPS共刺激BV2細胞后p38MAPK級JAK2-STAT的磷酸化表達顯著增加,各組間比較差異均具有統計學意義(P<0.05)。
2.4加入兩條通路阻斷劑后再次檢測兩種炎癥因子的表達加入足量的兩條通路阻斷劑后,兩種炎性因子分泌均有所降低,各組間比較差異具有統計學意義(P<0.05)說明,pho-p38MAPK及pho-JAK2-STAT通路參與了CD200R抗體及LPS誘導的小膠質細胞的激活。
3討論
帕金森病是常見的神經系統變性疾病,近年來其發病呈現逐年上升的趨勢,臨床上主要表現為:靜止性震顫、肌張力增高、運動遲緩及姿勢步態異常。病理上改變為:黑質多巴胺神經元大量變性丟失及膠質細胞活化。研究表明:神經系統炎癥參與了PD的發病過程[12],小膠質細胞是神經系統的免疫監視細胞,在炎癥、創傷、缺血等損傷下可以被激活,釋放炎癥因子、活性氧自由基等毒性分子[12,13],小膠質細胞表面存在許多受體,本實驗中的CD200R就是特異性表達于小膠質細胞、巨噬細胞等髓系細胞表面的保護性受體,而其配體CD200則廣泛表達在神經元、B細胞等細胞表面,正常情況下,兩者平衡可維持小膠質細胞處于靜息狀態[14-16]。在本實驗我們首先證實小膠質細胞存在CD200R的表達(見圖1),這與之前的研究結果是一致的,接下來我們應用了CD200R的阻斷性抗體阻斷小膠質細胞表面CD200R的表達進而引發細胞炎性反應。為了驗證CD200R在細胞活化作用,我們應用CD200R的阻斷性抗體及LPS處理小膠質細胞,并分別檢測了三組中TNF-α及IL-1β的分泌情況,結果表明:在抗體組中炎癥因子分泌均顯著增高,組間差異具有統計學意義(P<0.05)(見圖2、3)。美中不足在于:市場上未能找到CD200R激動劑誘導其表達以抑制小膠質細胞活化。為了驗證細胞活化中是否有pho-p38MAPK及pho-JAK2-STAT的激活以及總的p38MAPK表達有無改變,我們用Western blot法分別檢測了上述三種蛋白的表達情況,結果:pho-p38MAPK及pho-JAK2-STAT較其余兩組發生了明顯的激活,而p38MAPK表達無差異(如圖4、6),分別進行灰度值分析后發現,抗體組中兩種磷酸化蛋白比值明顯高于藥物組及對照組,組間比較具有顯著意義(P<0.05)(見圖5、7)。
神經炎癥在神經變性疾病中發揮著重要作用,那么隨著研究的深入,尋找PD等與神經炎癥密切相關的神經變性疾病共同的且具有特異性的病因,并從根本上阻斷這些病因或誘發因素,可以減少帕金森等疾病的發生,但該研究任重而道遠,同時探索一種在基因或蛋白水平維持CD200/CD200R通路的平衡進而維持小膠質細胞處于靜息狀態的治療手段,必然會給帕金森患者的治療帶來福音。我們的研究也為是否可以通過預防性的、并在安全范圍內應用疾病相關的炎癥通路的阻斷劑,盡可能削弱神經炎癥,似乎可能成為帕金森病的新的治療靶點。
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[收稿2015-08-15修回2015-08-28]
(編輯倪鵬)
Investigate whether p38MAPK and JAK2-STAT pathways can be phosphorylated activation when BV2 cells are activated
FANGYan-Yu,LUOXiao-Guang,SUYang,XIEXin,TIANXu-Cong,FANLi-Ting,RENYan.
DepartmentofNeurology,theThirdAffiliatedHospitalofQiqihaerMedicalUniversity,Qiqihaer161000,China
[Abstract]Objective:To explore the important role of CD200R in the microglia inflammation model induced by LPS as well as whether there is the activation of the pho-p38MAPK and pho-JAK2-STAT pathway or not.Methods: Microglia was used for this study.Immunofluorescence confirms there was the expression of CD200R in microglia.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detected the secretory content of TNF-α and IL-1β after using CD200R-blocking antibody and LPS handle the microglia.Western blot disclose whether p38MAPK and JAK2-STAT pathway can be phosphorylated or not.Finally,we detect the secretion of TNF-α,IL-1β after applicating different doses of channel blockers.Results: We observed that CD200R expresses on the surface of microglia.To determine the relationship of CD200R and inflammatory cytokines,we tested whether blocking CD200R promotes the release of inflammatory cytokines or not.After using administrating antibodies of CD200R,TNF-α and IL-1β secreted by microglia was significantly increased and pho-p38MAPK and pho-JAK2-STAT were activated,which let us predict that pho-p38MAPK and phoJAK2-STAT participate in the microglia activation of LPS induction.To further confirm the pho-p38MAPK and pho-JAK2-STAT pathway were involved in microglia activation,we apply SB203580 and AG490 to inhibit both pathways respectively,and then we found that the number of TNF-α and IL-1β was significantly decreased,and the number of TNF-α and IL-1β was negatively correlation with the concentration of AG490 and SB203580.Conclusion: Not only pho-p38MAPK but also pho-JAK2-STAT are involved in microglia activation induced by LPS and CD200R antibody response.
[Key words]CD200R;BV2 cells;TNF-α;IL-1β;pho-p38MAPK;pho-JAK2-STAT
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-484X.2016.05.005
作者簡介:房艷宇(1986年-),女, 碩士,醫師,主要從事神經病學方面研究。通訊作者及指導教師:羅曉光(1972年-),女,博士后,主任醫師,博士生導師,主要從事帕金森病的基礎與臨床研究,E-mail: grace_shenyang@163.com。
中圖分類號R724.5
文獻標志碼A
文章編號1000-484X(2016)05-0629-04
①本文為國家自然科學基金(81371421)、遼寧省教育廳科研項目計劃(L2010560)資助支持項目。