生物科學研究樓，戈爾韋，愛爾蘭

建筑設計: 帕耶特建筑事務所Architects: Payette

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生物科學研究樓，戈爾韋，愛爾蘭

建筑設計: 帕耶特建筑事務所
Architects: Payette

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1 外景/Exterior view

2 總平面/Site plan

3 未來擴充的靈活性/Future expansion fexibility

愛爾蘭國立戈爾韋大學（NUIG）生物科學研究樓的設計與愛爾蘭的溫和氣候相適應。由于承重需求較低的空間都安排在建筑外圍，因此它在全年的絕大多數時間中只需自然通風來調節溫度，僅10％的時間需要補充采暖。因此，這座要求很高的研究樓中45％的面積都無需機械通風。這一設計極為簡單而又大膽，在氣候條件相近的美國也很難找到一個能夠接近這一節能程度的類似實驗室。

生物科學研究樓設計于2009年，是世界上最早應用這一設計策略的實驗室之一。像閱覽室、辦公室、公共空間等低能耗的空間都可集中安排在建筑外圍，以降低通風率，最大程度地采用自然通風及自然光。“分層實驗室”概念的應用提升了功能組織效率，實現了一種由可變工作臺輔以實驗準備室組成的集約而高效的平面布局。在功能使用的效率優化后，每個實驗工作臺的工位從2個增加至3個，故科研樓的整體容量提升了33％。這一成就并未改變建筑的總體占地面積，因此每個工位的平均能耗就大大縮小了。

雖然大多數研究樓都采用內力驅動的方式，但這棟研究樓中整合了在各個方向精準調節的日光控制策略，這項重要的措施有助于控制日照受熱，以滿足在外圍低承重區域消除機械制冷的需求。另外我們還精心設計了密質的保溫外圍護（R值=28）來減緩寒冷月份的熱量流失，以此最大限度地減少補償性供暖的使用。為了應對狹長的西立面，我們設計了一條“熱走廊”作為緩沖區，也可稱之為室內外之間的一層“毛衣”。這層隔熱衣擁有足夠的熱容區間（55°～ 85°C），來調節室外溫度和精確控制的實驗室熱環境。木質遮陽百葉與玻璃幕墻結合，使室內光線更為柔和，減小該緯度地區常見的眩光。

生物科學研究樓是一個示范性項目，它極大地降低材料的環境影響、優化建筑性能、提升室內舒適度。例如，預制混凝土的上層結構含有30％的磨細礦渣，能夠節省32.21億焦耳的建材能耗。上層結構是在工廠預制的，進一步降低碳足跡，減少了建造過程的浪費。外飾面材料的選擇也極力降低制造、運輸及現場安裝過程的能耗及污染。玄武巖石材、蒸櫸木木材、外立面涂料及玻璃幕墻都是當地生產的。最終，這座建筑最大限度地減小了材料對環境的損耗，同時它的材料組合又很好地融入了愛爾蘭的氣候以及周邊的景觀環境。□（黃華青 譯）

Te design of the Biosciences Research Building （BRB） at the National University of Ireland， Galway （NUIG） embraces the moderate climate of Ireland. By locating low-load spaces along the perimeter of the building， the project is able to take advantage of natural ventilation as the sole conditioning strategy for the majority of a year and is supplemented less than 10％ of the year with radiant heating. Due to this approach， 45％ of this intensive research building is able to function without mechanical ventilation. Tis is an extremely simple， yet radical approach and is rarely implemented to even a modest extent in similar laboratories in comparable U.S. climates.

Designed in 2009， the BRB was one of the frst labs in the world to implement this new planning strategy. Low energy use spaces， such as writing carrels， offices and interaction spaces can be grouped along the perimeter to lower ventilation rates and optimize the opportunity for ample natural ventilation and daylighting. The "layered lab" concept also achieves a programmatic efciency creating a compact and productive layout comprised of reconfgurable benches， coupled with lab support rooms. The increase in programmatic efficiency allowed the research to grow by 33％ by increasing lab density from 2 to 3 bench positions per lab bench. This was achieved without a change to the building footprint， dramatically reducing the energy consumption per bench position.

While research buildings are typically internally load-driven buildings， the integration of a sun control strategy tuned to each orientation was an important component to control solar gain given the desire to eliminate mechanical cooling from the lowload perimeter spaces. There was careful detailing for a tight thermal envelope （R-value 28） to impede heat loss in the cooler months in order to minimize the need for supplemental heating. To deal with the long western fa?ade of the building， a "thermal corridor" acts as a buffer， or "sweater"， between the interior and exterior. The thermal sweater was allowed to have an expanded temperature range （55° ～ 85°C） to mediate between the closely controlled thermal environment of the lab and the exterior. The wooden slats integrated into the curtain wall create more fltered light and reduce glare， a chronic condition at this latitude.

The BRB is a prototypical project that minimizes the environmental impact of materials，maximizes building performance and optimizes the occupant comfort. For example， the precast concrete superstructure contains the 30％ Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag resulting in the saving of 3221 gigajoules of embodied energy. The superstructure was also pre-fabricated offsite to reduce the carbon footprint and minimize construction waste. Finishes were selected to minimize the amount of energy/pollution required to manufacture， ship to site and erect. The basalt stone， steamed beech millwork， exterior and stucco and curtain wall were all locally sourced. Te result is a building that minimizes the impact of its materials on the environment， while creating a material palate that embraces the Irish climate and views of the surrounding landscape.

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4 外景/Exterior view

5 立面細部/Facade detail

項目信息/Credits and Data

業主項目策劃經理/Owner's Program Manager: Davis Langdon Ltd. （an AECOM company）

結構工程師/Structural Engineers: Barrett Mahony Consulting Engineers

機電暖通工程師/MEP Engineers: Homan O'Brien

景觀設計/Landscape Architects: Mitchell + Associates

承建商/Contractor: J.J. Rhatigan & Co.

施工圖/Architect of Record: Reddy Architecture + Urbanism建筑面積/Total Floor Area: 8000m2

每平方米造價/Cost per square meter: $4590

結構造價/Construction Cost: $36，720，000

竣工日期/Completion: 2014

攝影/Photos: Warren Jagger Photography

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6 土地使用與生態策略/Land use and site ecology strategies

7.8 中庭/Atrium

9 熱走廊/Termal corridor

10 實驗室/Laboratory

評論

王海松：這是一幢巧妙地處理了自然通風與建筑保溫的綠色建筑。由于室內空間、家具布置及立面開窗部位的整體匹配，建筑物的部分空間可在全年的大部分時間實現自然通風；建筑將西面的走廊、閱覽室、部分辦公室、公共空間等作為內核空間的“熱緩沖空間”，減少了中央核心空間的空調能耗；建筑的圍護結構采用玻璃幕墻及內置的木質百葉，可靈活調控日照，獲得光線的適宜。

范路：在戈爾韋生物科學研究樓項目中，建筑設計節能與建筑技術節能有效地結合了起來。通過功能組織優化，該建筑的機械通風能耗和實驗室工位平均能耗大幅降低。通過精準調節的日光控制、密質的外保溫材料使用和“熱走廊”緩沖區設置，空調能耗也被最大限度地削減。此外，該建筑的建材選取和制造也盡量減少對環境的影響。而作為一個示范性項目，該建筑不僅適應愛爾蘭當地氣候，更以優美形象融入周邊景觀環境。

Comments

WANG Haisong: This is an environment-friendly building that subtly deals with the natural ventilation and heat preservation. Owing to the overall matching between the interior space， furniture layout and facade fenestration location， parts of the building space are naturally ventilated in most time of the year. Te west corridor， reading room， public space and some ofces can be arranged as the "hot buffer space" for the kernel space， which can reduce the energy consumption of central air conditioners in the central core space. Te space enclosing structure is decorated with glass curtain walls and built-in wooden shutters， which can fexibly control sun lights.

FAN Lu: In the project of Biosciences Research Building （BRB）， building energy savings by design and by technologies are integrated effectively. Trough the increase in programmatic efciency， the energy use for mechanical ventilation and the energy consumption per lab bench are dramatically reduced. Through applications of sunlight control， tight thermal envelope and "thermal corridor"， the need for supplemental heating or cooling is minimized. In addition， building materials in this project are elaborately chosen to minimize the environmental impact. Finally， the BRB is regarded as a prototypical project which not only embraces the Irish climate but fts in the scenes of the surrounding landscape as well.

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11 水循環策略/Water cycle strategies

12 能源策略/Energy strategies

Biosciences Research Building， Galway， Ireland， 2014