長枝木霉菌株T05抑菌活性與拮抗機(jī)制1)

吉海龍　　　　　　　伊洪偉　　　　池玉杰

(東北林業(yè)大學(xué)，哈爾濱，150040)　　　(重慶市農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院果樹研究所)　　　(東北林業(yè)大學(xué))

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長枝木霉菌株T05抑菌活性與拮抗機(jī)制1)

吉海龍伊洪偉池玉杰

(東北林業(yè)大學(xué)，哈爾濱，150040)(重慶市農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院果樹研究所)(東北林業(yè)大學(xué))

研究了長枝木霉(Trichodermalongibrachiatum)菌株T05的抑菌活性與拮抗機(jī)制，包括菌落的對(duì)峙培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)，揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)和4種分生孢子提取物的抑菌試驗(yàn)。對(duì)峙培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)表明，T05對(duì)灰霉病菌(灰葡萄孢(Botrytiscinerea))和楊樹爛皮病菌(污黑腐皮殼(Valsasordida))均表現(xiàn)出很強(qiáng)的抑菌活性，抑菌率分別高達(dá)88.4%和91.9%；其產(chǎn)生的揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)對(duì)B.cinerea有較強(qiáng)的抑菌活性，抑菌率高達(dá)91.9%，而對(duì)V.sordida抑菌作用較弱，最高為37.2%；甲醇、乙醇、NaOH、超聲波破碎水抽提4種分生孢子提取物對(duì)V.sordida的抑菌試驗(yàn)表明，NaOH提取物100倍液的抑菌率最高，為76.3%，而甲醇和乙醇提取物的抑菌效果稍弱，超聲波水法的提取物僅對(duì)病菌有微弱的抑制作用。

長枝木霉；抑菌活性；拮抗機(jī)制；灰霉病菌；楊樹爛皮病菌

We studied the antifungal activity and antagonistic mechanism ofTrichodermalongibrachiatumstrain T05, including confrontation culture test of dual colonies, antifungal test of volatile substance, and antifungal test of four kinds of conidium extracts. By the confrontation test, T05 had a strong antifungal activity to gray mold fungusBotrytiscinereaand poplar canker fungusValsasordida, and the highest inhibition rates were 88.4% and 91.9%, respectively. The volatile substance produced by T05 had a stronger antifungal activity toB.cinereaand the highest inhibition rate was 91.9%, but it had a weaker antifungal activity toV.sordidaand the highest inhibition rate was only 37.2%. We applied three kinds of solvents-methanol, ethanol, NaOH, and ultrasonic-water, to extract the antifungal active substances of conidia, and measured the inhibition effects of different conidial extracts toV.sordida. The extract with NaOH diluting 100 folds had the highest inhibition rate of 76.33%, whereas, the inhibition rate of extracts with methanol and ethanol was little lower than that with NaOH. But the extracts with ultrasonic-water only had weak inhibition effects.

灰霉病由半知菌的灰葡萄孢(Botrytiscinerea)侵染引起，是一種世界性重要病害，其特點(diǎn)是寄主廣泛，能夠引起多種植物的壞死。楊樹爛皮病又稱楊樹腐爛病，主要危害楊樹，其危害嚴(yán)重，發(fā)生普遍。該病在新植楊樹中發(fā)生較重，嚴(yán)重降低了造林成活率[1]。以往防治這些重要植物病害的途徑主要以化學(xué)防治為主，但是大量化學(xué)藥劑的使用不僅對(duì)環(huán)境造成污染，同時(shí)增加了病原菌的抗藥性，因此，研究抗植物病原菌的有益拮抗微生物及其代謝產(chǎn)物的抑菌機(jī)理，是一種重要的生防途徑。……