長枝木霉菌株T05發(fā)酵液抑菌力參數(shù)篩選1)

吉海龍　　　　　　　伊洪偉　　　　池玉杰

(東北林業(yè)大學(xué)，哈爾濱，150040)　　　(重慶市農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院果樹研究所)　　　(東北林業(yè)大學(xué))

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長枝木霉菌株T05發(fā)酵液抑菌力參數(shù)篩選1)

吉海龍伊洪偉池玉杰

(東北林業(yè)大學(xué)，哈爾濱，150040)(重慶市農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院果樹研究所)(東北林業(yè)大學(xué))

為了得到抑菌活性更高的發(fā)酵液，研究了長枝木霉(Trichodermalongibrachiatum)菌株T05發(fā)酵液及發(fā)酵液乙酸乙酯提取物對灰霉病菌(灰葡萄孢(Botrytiscinerea))和楊樹爛皮病菌(污黑腐皮殼(Valsasordida))的抑菌活性，并以V.sordida作為指示菌對發(fā)酵液的培養(yǎng)時間、培養(yǎng)溫度、初始pH值、接菌量這4項(xiàng)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了篩選。結(jié)果表明：T05發(fā)酵液對B.cinerea和V.sordida都有一定的抑制作用，對B.cinerea的最高抑菌率為PDB發(fā)酵液過濾除菌后在48 h的55.48%，對V.sordida的最高抑制率為改良馬丁培養(yǎng)基發(fā)酵液過濾除菌后48 h的48.68%；培養(yǎng)7 d的發(fā)酵液乙酸乙酯提取物對2種病原菌的抑菌作用更為顯著，在24 h的抑菌率都為100%，在96 h時對2種病原菌的抑菌率分別為84.1%和82.6%，均表現(xiàn)出極強(qiáng)的抑菌活性。篩選后獲得最高抑菌率的最佳發(fā)酵組合為：培養(yǎng)時間6 d、溫度28 ℃、初始pH=6、500 mL的三角瓶裝液量250 mL的條件下接菌量為0.5 mL。在該條件下T05發(fā)酵液的乙酸乙酯提取物在96 h對V.sordida的抑菌率從82.9%上升到99.0%。

長枝木霉；液態(tài)發(fā)酵；抑菌活性；參數(shù)篩選；楊樹爛皮病菌

We studied the antifungal activity of fermentation broth and its ethyl acetate extracts ofTrichodermalongibrachiatumstrain T05, and screened and optimized four parameters including culture time, culture temperature, the initial pH value, and the initial inoculum volume by usingValsasordidaas an indicator pathogen to get higher antifungal activity of the fermentation liquid. The fermentation broth of T05 could inhibit both Botrytis cinerea andV.sordida, the highest inhibition rate toB.cinereawas 55.48% by 48 h after the fermentation broth in PDB was removed bacteria by filter, whereas, the highest inhibition rate toV.sordidawas 48.68% by 48 h after the fermentation broth in Martin medium was removed bacteria by filter. The ethyl acetate extracts of T05 fermentation broth after culturing for 7 d had a stronger antifungal activity both toB.cinereaandV.sordida, the inhibition rate by 24 h were both 100%, and the highest inhibition rate by 96 h were 84.1% and 82.6%, respectively. After screening the optimal parameter combinations to get the highest inhibition rate were: culturing for 6 days, culture temperature of 28 ℃, the initial pH of 6, and the initial inoculum volume of 0.5 mL in 500 mL conical flask bottled 250 mL medium, and the inhibition rate at 96 h was increased from 82.9% to 99%.

木霉菌(Trichodermaspp.)是一類廣譜的生防真菌，利用木霉菌防治植物真菌病害的機(jī)制是多種多樣的，不同的木霉菌株表現(xiàn)出不同的生防能力。木霉菌對多種植物病原菌都有較好的防治效果[1]，在蔬菜和水果病害防治上的應(yīng)用是很多的，如番茄灰霉病、黃瓜苗期立枯病、豇豆炭疽病、萵苣小菌核病等[2-4]，在對草莓灰霉病的防治中也取得了可喜的成果[5]。……