新型竹纖維復合材料的研發1)

陳復明　王戈　程海濤　李興軍

(國際竹藤中心，北京，100102)

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新型竹纖維復合材料的研發1)

陳復明王戈程海濤李興軍

(國際竹藤中心，北京，100102)

以備受關注的竹纖維及其新型復合材料為主線，從單根竹纖維到竹束纖維的制備、形貌和性能分析等方面簡述了竹材的特性；在此基礎上，以芯殼結構竹塑復合材料、竹束單板層積材、竹復合壓力管為典型代表，從材料學和工藝學角度對其加工工藝、界面改性、結構設計、物理力學性能,以及中試應用情況進行了闡述與分析。最后從竹纖維的生長性狀與物理力學性能關系、大尺寸竹質工程材料及構件開發、竹束單板類集裝箱房屋組裝技術、異型結構竹纖維復合材料的研發等方面，提出了竹纖維復合材料的未來重點發展方向。

竹纖維；竹塑復合材料；竹束單板層積材；芯殼結構；竹復合壓力管

With the bamboo fiber and its composites, we illuminated the morphology, structural characteristics, mechanical properties, testing method as well as environment adaptation in single bamboo fibers and bamboo bundle fibers. We introduced the new-style bamboo fiber reinforced composites, such as bamboo plastic composite, bamboo laminated veneer lumber, and bamboo-based twining pipeline. Along with their processing technology, we summarized interfacial modification, structural design, physical and mechanical properties and application prospects. We pointed out the technology issues and key points regarding with the future research and development for bamboo fiber composites, including relationship between growth performance of bamboo fiber and its physical and mechanical properties, the development and research of large-size bamboo-based engineering material and component, bamboo bundle veneer lumber used for container house and its assembly technology, as well as the special shape and structure made by bamboo fiber.

1　我國竹資源與竹子特性

1.1我國竹資源與產業現狀

我國竹子資源豐富，共有30余屬530多種，竹林面積達601萬hm2，其中福建、江西、浙江和湖南等省占全國天然竹林面積75%，浙江、廣東、四川、廣西、福建和安徽等省、自治區占全國人工竹林面積77%[1]。竹產業是中國為數不多的，擁有自主知識產權的特色朝陽產業。2013年中國竹產業產值達到1 671億元，較2001年的210億元增加了近700%。目前竹產業已形成10余類，100多個系列，近萬余種產品，每年竹產品出口貿易額達20億美元以上，遠銷歐美等30多個國家和地區。

1.2竹子特性

竹子具有生長快、培育周期短、一次栽培可永續利用等特點。……