混交對紅松人工林細根生物量和空間分布的影響1)

錢文麗　　　　　　盧元　　　　王韶仲　谷加存

(東北林業(yè)大學，哈爾濱，150040)　　　(遼寧省林業(yè)調(diào)查規(guī)劃院)　　　　　　(東北林業(yè)大學)

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混交對紅松人工林細根生物量和空間分布的影響1)

錢文麗盧元王韶仲谷加存

(東北林業(yè)大學，哈爾濱，150040)(遼寧省林業(yè)調(diào)查規(guī)劃院)(東北林業(yè)大學)

以黑龍江省尚志市帽兒山實驗林場的紅松(Pinuskoraiensis)人工純林、紅松×胡桃楸(Juglansmandshurica)和紅松×水曲柳(Fraxinusmandschurica)混交林為研究對象，采用土鉆法估計并比較了不同混交處理下紅松、伴生樹種和其他木本植物細根(直徑≤2.0 mm)生物量及其垂直分布特征。結(jié)果表明：細根總生物量(0～30 cm)以純林最高(212.6 g·m-2)，紅松×胡桃楸混交林最低(164.7 g·m-2)，而紅松×水曲柳混交林居中(200.8 g·m-2)；純林中紅松細根生物量顯著高于紅松×胡桃楸混交林，但與紅松×水曲柳混交林沒有顯著差異；混交沒有引起林分細根總生物量垂直分布的改變，均為隨著土壤深度增加而減少；混交后紅松細根生物量在土壤表層(0～10 cm)分配的比例增加，但是吸收根(直徑≤0.5 mm)生物量在土壤底層(20～30 cm)分配的比例在紅松×胡桃楸混交林(64.5%)中比純林高(40.1%)，而在紅松×水曲柳混交林中所占比例較低(22.0%)。方差分析顯示，混交樹種、土壤深度和根直徑等級均是影響紅松細根生物量的重要因子。這些結(jié)果表明，混交對紅松人工林細根生物量及其空間分布有明顯影響，這為深入認識紅松及其混交樹種間的相互作用提供了必要的理論依據(jù)。

混交林；紅松；水曲柳；胡桃楸；細根

We used soil core method to determine how species mixing betweenPinuskoraiensis,JuglansmandshuricaandFraxinusmandschuricaaffects the fine root (diameter ≤2.0 mm) biomass and spatial distribution inP.koraiensisplantation. Roots were categorized into three groups: root ofP.koraiensis, root of component tree species, and root of other woody plants. Total fine root biomass per unit area was the highest (212.6 g·m-2) in pureP.koraiensisplantation, the lowest (164.7 g·m-2) inP.koraiensis×J.mandshuricaplantation, and medium (200.8 g·m-2) inP.koraiensis×F.mandschuricaplantation. Root biomass ofP.koraiensiswas significantly higher in pure stand than that ofP.koraiensis×J.mandshuricaplantation, while was similar to that ofP.koraiensis×F.mandschuricaplantation. Species mixing did not change the vertical distribution of total fine root biomass, with a tendency of decline associated with soil depth increasing. The proportion of fine roots ofP.koraiensisat the surface layer (0 to 10 cm) was higher in mixed-species forest plantations than in pure plantation, however, the proportion of absorptive roots at the deepest soil layer (20-30 cm) was the highest (64.5%) inP.koraiensis×J.mandshuricaplantation, following by pure (40.1%) andP.koraiensis×F.mandschurica(22.0%) plantations. Factorial ANOVA indicated that species mixing, soil depth and root diameter classes all significantly contributed to the variation of root biomass. Therefore, the species mixing had significant effect on fine root biomass and vertical distribution ofP.koraiensis, and provide some insights into the belowground ecological interaction betweenP.koraiensisand its component species.

細根(直徑≤2.0 mm)具有巨大的吸收表面積和較強的生理活性，是林木水分和養(yǎng)分吸收的主要器官[1]，并在森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的物質(zhì)循環(huán)與能量流動上發(fā)揮了重要作用[2]。……