木粉/廢舊橡膠粉/HDPE三元復合材料的微孔結構及拉伸性能1)

孫妍　陳玲　徐信武　　　　　濮維忠

(南京林業大學，南京，210037)　　　　　　(江蘇(科利達)企業研究生工作站)

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木粉/廢舊橡膠粉/HDPE三元復合材料的微孔結構及拉伸性能1)

孫妍陳玲徐信武濮維忠

(南京林業大學，南京，210037)(江蘇(科利達)企業研究生工作站)

以廢舊橡膠粉、意楊膠合板砂光粉和聚乙烯(HDPE)為主要原料，結合碳酸氫鈉(NaHCO3)發泡劑、馬來酸酐改性聚乙烯(MA-PE)偶聯劑和聚乙烯蠟潤滑劑，采用擠壓工藝生產木橡塑復合材料(WRPC)。詳細探討了木粉、橡膠與HDPE配比及發泡劑用量對WRPC材料內部微孔結構及拉伸性能、濕性能的影響。結果表明：無論發泡與否，WRPC材料均具有大量泡孔，泡孔的數量、尺度和形態與物料配比，尤其是HDPE和發泡劑的用量密切相關；WRPC材料具有優異的拉伸性能和濕穩定性，在擠壓工藝不變時，木粉、橡膠粉和HDPE的用量對拉伸強度具有明顯影響，且具有交互效應，根據交互影響結果可繪制性能等位線；發泡后WRPC材料密度明顯降低，拉伸強度減小而吸水率增大，當發泡劑用量為3%時，拉伸強度最大。研究結果為訂制特定需求的WRPC材料提供了可靠的理論和應用借鑒。

廢舊橡膠；木橡塑復合材料；發泡；環境保護

We used waste tire rubber powder, sanding of poplar plywood and HDPE to manufacture wood rubber & plastic composites (WRPC) by extrusion process combined with a foaming agent (NaHCO3), coupling agent (MA-PE) and lubricant (PE-Wax). We studied the influences of raw materials composition on WRPC internal micro porous structure, tensile and hygroscopic properties. Both foamed and control WRPCs contain considerable micro in-situ pores, and the quantity, size, and shape of the pores are affected by WRPC composition especially the contents of HDPE and NaHCO3. WRPCs have sound anti-tensile and wet stability performance. The contents of wood flours, rubber powders, and HDPE have evident influence and interaction on WRPC tensile strength (TenS) and water absorption (WA). Isocurves were successfully drawn according to the interaction results. Foamed WRPCs showed lower density and TenS while higher WA values compared to control. The maximum TenS value was achieved when 3% of NaHCO3was added. The above research results may be reliable for reference to design and produce WRPCs for designated applications.

木材—橡膠—塑料三元復合材料(簡稱木橡塑復合材料，WRPC)是以塑料為基體相(或膠黏劑)、木材為力學增強相、橡膠為增韌緩沖功能相的新型復合材料，近年來在國內外被廣泛提及[1-2]。基于其良好的吸音消聲、阻尼減振、隔熱保溫、防腐防蛀等性能，木橡塑復合材料在城市建筑裝飾和圍護、運動地板、運輸包裝等領域具有潛在的巨大需求空間[3-4]，同時實現了廢棄木粉和回收橡膠[5-6]等資源的生態利用。……