重慶與安特衛(wèi)普：“渝新歐-新絲綢之路”橋頭堡

□ 文/肖　涵

重慶與安特衛(wèi)普：“渝新歐-新絲綢之路”橋頭堡

□ 文/肖涵

城市簡介

安特衛(wèi)普是比利時北部的一個省，位于比利時斯海爾德河畔，地處三角洲平原，地形平坦，河道縱橫，屬溫帶海洋性氣候。

位于歐洲經(jīng)濟中心，作為比利時經(jīng)濟龍頭的安特衛(wèi)普是歐洲人口最密集的地區(qū)，是歐洲第二大港，也是世界第二大化工制造業(yè)中心。安特衛(wèi)普還是世界最大的鉆石加工和貿(mào)易中心，素有“世界鉆石之都”之稱。安特衛(wèi)普是歐洲著名的文化中心，也是世界著名的旅游城市，同時也是一個美食之都。歷史上，這里是歐洲最富有的城市之一。這里有保存完好、充滿中世紀(jì)情調(diào)的舊市區(qū)古老建筑，有高超神秘的鉆石加工工藝，有享譽世界的繪畫藝術(shù)和眾多的博物館。安特衛(wèi)普的居民大多使用荷蘭地方方言，工商界主要使用法語。地處歐洲最大消費市場中心的安特衛(wèi)普，占盡天時地利，是開展國際交流和經(jīng)貿(mào)往來的理想之地。

2011年10月26日，中國重慶市和比利時安特衛(wèi)普省結(jié)為友好城市。2012年“渝新歐”國際鐵路這條“歐亞大陸橋”繼續(xù)西進(jìn)，從德國的杜伊斯堡西延至比利時的安特衛(wèi)普，將歐盟總部所在國比利時與重慶直接相連，兩地成為這條“新絲綢之路”的東西橋頭堡。

外事知識

綠色運輸協(xié)議

綠色運輸是指以節(jié)約能源、減少廢氣排放為特征的運輸。綠色運輸實施的主要途徑包括合理選擇運輸工具和運輸路線。綠色運輸?shù)姆绞街饕前l(fā)展多式聯(lián)運、發(fā)展共同配送和建立信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)。綠色運輸是綠色物流的重要組成部分，綠色物流包括綠色運輸過程、綠色包裝以及綠色加工通道。

協(xié)議，是共同計劃、協(xié)商，在法律上是合同的同義詞。協(xié)議是指經(jīng)過談判、協(xié)商而制定的共同承認(rèn)、共同遵守的文件。只要協(xié)議對簽協(xié)議方的權(quán)利和義務(wù)作出明確、具體的約定，即使書面文件上被冠以“協(xié)議”或者“協(xié)議書”的名稱，一經(jīng)雙方簽署確定，即與合同一樣對簽協(xié)議的幾方具有約束力。

綠色運輸協(xié)議指的根據(jù)綠色運輸?shù)奶卣鳌⑼緩胶头绞蕉炗喌膶瀰f(xié)議方有約束力的文件。綠色運輸協(xié)議不僅適用于國內(nèi)運輸，也適用于國際運輸。綠色運輸協(xié)議的簽訂，可以保障簽約方的權(quán)利，也可以促進(jìn)簽約方可持續(xù)合作發(fā)展。

中歐安全智能貿(mào)線試點計劃

“安智貿(mào)”全稱“中歐安全智能貿(mào)易航線試點計劃”，是一項旨在完善歐亞之間貿(mào)易供應(yīng)鏈安全與便利的規(guī)則，實現(xiàn)對海運集裝箱及箱內(nèi)貨物的全程監(jiān)控，建立安全便利智能化國際貿(mào)易運輸鏈而實施的試點計劃。這是一項中歐海關(guān)之間的合作項目，也是一項海關(guān)與企業(yè)的合作項目。

“安智貿(mào)”是以海關(guān)之間數(shù)據(jù)交換、互相承認(rèn)監(jiān)管結(jié)果、經(jīng)授權(quán)的經(jīng)營者、以及集裝箱安全設(shè)備的應(yīng)用為基礎(chǔ)，實現(xiàn)信息共享，確保貿(mào)易安全鏈。中歐雙方確定，在“安智貿(mào)”項目中使用電子封志技術(shù)，并以公平競爭為原則，共同制定了《中歐安全智能貿(mào)易航線試點計劃安全設(shè)備應(yīng)用需求》。經(jīng)中歐雙方的共同努力，“安智貿(mào)”項目于2007年11月19日正式實施。

外事案例

安特衛(wèi)普省與重慶簽訂綠色運輸協(xié)議

2011年4月5日凌晨，一列滿載“重慶造”電子產(chǎn)品的專列開抵德國杜伊斯堡，拉開了“渝新歐”國際鐵路大通道貫通的序幕。2011年5月9日，一列滿載化工原料的火車從比利時港口城市安特衛(wèi)普出發(fā)，直接駛向中國內(nèi)陸城市重慶，標(biāo)志著歐洲直通中國內(nèi)陸的新歐亞大陸橋正式開通。

2011年10月25日，比利時安特衛(wèi)普省與重慶簽訂了綠色運輸協(xié)議。26日，首批重慶生產(chǎn)的宏碁電腦已由重慶鐵路啟運，統(tǒng)一發(fā)往比利時安特衛(wèi)普。2012年，中比綠色列車通道開通，比利時的安特衛(wèi)普港將成為這條綠色通道的新終點。中國海關(guān)和比利時海關(guān)達(dá)成了“安智貿(mào)”便捷通關(guān)協(xié)議，仿照歐共體，實行海關(guān)一卡通。在比利時海關(guān)通過關(guān)檢后，走“渝新歐”鐵路通道進(jìn)入中國直至重慶，其它國家海關(guān)都不再重復(fù)關(guān)檢。該班列線路為重慶-新疆-白俄羅斯-安特衛(wèi)普，全程用時約16天，將比海運節(jié)省20多天。

重慶與安特衛(wèi)普簽訂了“綠色列車通道”，不僅縮短了運輸時間，還降低了運輸成本。“重慶-安特衛(wèi)普”綠色鐵路運輸?shù)膶嵤铀倭酥貞c企業(yè)與安特衛(wèi)普省企業(yè)的合作，促進(jìn)了中國和比利時的經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的發(fā)展。同時，貨物走“渝新歐”鐵路到歐洲的時間，是海運到歐洲時間的一半，它向客戶證明這條運輸線的優(yōu)勢和價值，對中歐貿(mào)易將起到積極推動作用。

重慶市加入中歐安全智能貿(mào)易航線試點計劃

2011年5月10日至12日，中歐安全智能貿(mào)易航線試點計劃第十六次工作會議在重慶召開。來自歐委會海關(guān)與稅務(wù)同盟總司，“安智貿(mào)”參與國英國、法國、德國、意大利、比利時、荷蘭、波蘭等國的海關(guān)及駐華使館代表以及世界海關(guān)組織代表等25名外方代表，與海關(guān)總署、深圳海關(guān)以及上海海關(guān)等25名中方代表齊聚山城。

在“安智貿(mào)”第二階段計劃試點港口中，中方增加了重慶港跟上海港，其中重慶港是內(nèi)地唯一一個試點港口；歐方增加了法國的勒阿弗爾港、意大利熱那亞港、德國漢堡港以及比利時的安特衛(wèi)普港。至此，中歐“安智貿(mào)”項目將由第一階段的三國三港試點擴大至七國九港參與。

隨著“安智貿(mào)”項目的擴大，“渝新歐”鐵路成為一條新的連接亞歐大陸之間的絲綢之路，直接把重慶跟安特衛(wèi)普兩個城市連接在了一起。重慶是中國內(nèi)地最大的筆記本電腦生產(chǎn)基地，安特衛(wèi)普是眾所周知的時尚之都，鐵路的聯(lián)通不僅是運輸?shù)缆返倪B接，更是社會文化生活的交流渠道。這條全新的絲綢之路增加了中歐之間的貿(mào)易量，更打開了重慶跟安特衛(wèi)普人民交流的新渠道。

● 作者為四川外國語大學(xué)國際關(guān)系學(xué)院碩士研究生

Introduction of Antwerp

Antwerp is a province in the north of Belgium， located in the Scheldt river and in delta plain， the area is flat and crisscrossed with rivers， the province is of temperate maritime climate.

As the economic center of Europe and the economic backbone of Belgium， Antwerp is the most densely-populated area of Europe， the second largest port of Europe and the second largest center of chemical engineering manufacturing industry in the world. It is also the largest diamond processing and trade center in the world， which has the name of the World Diamond Center. Besides， Antwerp is the cultural center of Europe， a famous city for tourism and the world gourmet capital. In history it used to be one of the richest cities in Europe. There are well-preserved old medieval buildings， excellent and mysterious diamond processing technology， world-renowned painting culture and lots of museums. Most of the inhabitants use the dialect of Dutch， while the business circle mainly uses French. Located in the center of the largest consumer market in Europe， Antwerp is the ideal place for international communication and economic and trade exchanges.

On October 26， 2011， Chongqing and Antwerp became sister cities. In 2012， the Eurasian Continental Bridge——Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe International Railway made its way west and extended from Duisburg in Germany to Antwerp in Belgium， which linked Belgium（the country where the EU headquarters locates） and Chongqing directly. Thus Chongqing and Antwerp became the east and west bridgeheads of the New Silk Road.

Green Transportation Agreement

Green transportation refers to save energy and reduce emissions. The main way of the implementation of green transportation includes the reasonable choice of transport vehicles and transport routes. The way mainly includes the development of multifold transport and common distribution and the establishment of information network. Green transportation is an important part of the green logistics， which include the process of green transportation， green packaging and green processing channel.

Agreement， which means a common plan or negotiation，is a synonym for contract in law. The agreement is a document that is jointly recognized and shared by the parties through negotiation and consultation. As long as the rights and obligations of the parties to the agreement is clear and specifi c，even if the written document is labeled as "agreement"， once the agreement is signed by the parties， the agreement will be binding on both parties just like a contract.

Green transportation agreement means a document signed by the parties， ways and means of green transportation that all the parties should bind it. The green transportation agreement is suitable not only for domestic transportation， but also for international transportation. The signing of the green transport agreement can protect the rights of the parties， and promote the sustainable development of the cooperation.

EU-China Trade Lines Security lntelligence Pilot Program

SSTL， which full name is EU-China Smart and Secure Trade Lanes Pilot Program， aims at improving the rule of security and convenience of the trade supply chain between Europe and Asia， realizing full control of shipping containers and inside cargo， establishing safe， convenient and intelligent transport chain of international trade. This is a cooperation project between China and the EU customs， but also a project between customs and enterprises.

SSTL is based on data exchange between customs，mutual recognition of supervision outcomes， authorized operators， as well as the application of container safety devices， to realize information sharing and ensure the trade security chain. The two sides determined to use electronic seals technology in SSTL， and follow the principle of fair competition， jointly formulated the EU-China Smart and Secure Trade Lanes Pilot Program Safety equipment applications. Through the joint efforts of both China and the EU， SSTL was formally implemented on November 19， 2007.

Cases

A Green Transportation Agreement Signed by Antwerp Province and Chongqing City

In the early morning of April 5， 2011， a train loaded with electronic products that Made in Chongqing arrived in Duisburg in Germany， which opened the prelude of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe International Railway. On May 9， 2011， another train full of chemical raw materials from the Belgian port city Antwerp directly arrived at Chongqing， the inland city of China. The event marked the formal opening of New Eurasian Continental Bridge， through the Europe and the mainland of China.

On October 25， 2011， Belgium Antwerp province signed a green transportation agreement with Chongqing. On the second day， the first batch of Acer computer produced in Chongqing is wholly sent to Antwerp by the Chongqing railway. In 2012， the China-Belgium green transportation channel was opened， Antwerp became the new destination of the green channel. Chinese customs and the Belgian customs reached an agreement on SSTL. We take after the European Union in the way of implementing a customs one-card-through. After the Belgian customs clearance inspection， the train went through the new European railway channel to go into China Chongqing directly， during which countries no longer repeat the inspection. The train goes through Chongqing - Xinjiang - Belarus -Antwerp， and the whole trip took about 16 days， saving more than 20 days than that by shipping.

Chongqing and Antwerp signed this green train channel，not only shortened the transport time， but also reduced the transportation cost. The implementation of the Chongqing Antwerp green railway transportation has accelerated the cooperation between enterprises in Chongqing and Antwerp Province， and promoted the development of economic and trade relations between China and Belgium. At the same time，the time by Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe International Railway to Europe， is the half than that by shipping. It demonstrates the advantages and value of this transportation line to customers，who also plays a positive role in promoting China-EU trade.

Chongqing Joining CElBS Smart and Secure Trade Lanes Pilot Program

On May 10 to 12， 2011， the Sixteenth work conference of EU-China Smart and Secure Trade Lanes Pilot Program held in Chongqing. From the European Commission Directorate General for customs and tax Alliance， customs and Embassy representative in SSTL participating country such as Britain，F(xiàn)rance， Germany， Italy， Belgium， the Netherlands， Poland and other 25 foreign representatives such as the World Customs Organization， together with General Administration of Customs，Shenzhen Customs and Shanghai Customs and other 25 Chinese representatives gathered in the mountain.

In the second phase of harbor pilot program in SSTL，China has increased Chongqing Port and Shanghai Port， and Chongqing Port is the only pilot port in the mainland； EU has increased the port of Le Havre in France， the port of Genoa in Italy， the port of Hamburg in Germany and the port of Antwerp in Belgium. So far， the project SSTL will be expanded from the three ports of three pilot countries in the fi rst stage to nine ports of seven countries.

With the expansion of SSTL project， Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe International Railway has become a New Silk Road linking Asia and Europe continents， connecting Chongqing and Antwerp directly. Chongqing is the largest laptop production base in Chinese mainland， Antwerp is the well known fashion capital， the railway is not only a road for transportation， but also a communication channel for social and cultural life. This New Silk Road increased trade between China and Europe，furthermore it opened new ways to communicate with people between Chongqing and Antwerp.

● By post-graduate student of School of International Relations, Sichuan

Chongqing and Antwerp： Bridgeheads of the New Silk Road-Chongqing Xinjiang-Europe International Railway

□ Written by Xiao Han