全球航運市場競爭格局及我國班輪業并購戰略

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(大連海事大學 交通運輸管理學院， 遼寧 大連 116026)

全球航運市場競爭格局及我國班輪業并購戰略

張麗英，王妍

(大連海事大學交通運輸管理學院，遼寧大連116026)

在航運市場長期低迷、航運業并購熱潮興起的行業背景下，以科爾尼產業演進理論為基礎，從行業集中度的角度對國內外班輪業所處的發展階段進行準確定位。結合各產業演進階段的并購操作要點，利用SWOT分析對我國班輪業并購戰略進行研究，基于并購加快產業演進與產業整合，以利于未來與國外同行競爭。研究結果表明，我國班輪業的發展滯后于全球班輪業，應采取產業拓展型和產業整合型并購戰略提高全球資源配置能力和航運市場國際競爭力，尤其是大型企業，應抓住“一帶一路”等機遇，加快國內行業整合和大力推進跨國并購。

航運； 班輪業； 并購戰略； 產業演進

Abstract: Since the global financial crisis began, shipping market has been low for a long time and needed profound adjustment. Based on industry evolution theory of Kearney and from the angle of industrial concentration ratio, the development stage of the domestic and global container liner industry is accurately identified. According to the operating points of merger and acquisition in the particular evolution stage, the merger and acquisition strategy in China is researched by means of the SWOT analysis with the purpose of quickening industrial evolution and industrial integration and seeking for a better position in future competition with foreign tycoons. The research results indicate that the container liner industry of China falls behind of the development of global industry and should adopt the merger and acquisition strategy of industrial expansion and industrial integration to improve the capacity of global resource allocation and market competitiveness. Especially, those strong enterprises, ought to seize the opportunity like "One Belt and One Road" and quicken the integration of domestic industry and give great impetus to cross-border merger and acquisition.

Keywords: shipping; container liner industry; merger and acquisition strategy; industry evolution

2015年航運業嚴重持續低迷，截至12月底，全球閑置的集裝箱船舶占全球集裝箱船舶總數的4.6%，亞歐航線運費暴跌70%，暴露出航運業還沒有完全實現從周期性發展向可持續發展轉變的現狀。為解決船舶大型化與閑置運力持續擴大及運價在低位徘徊的矛盾，各大型航運企業正試圖通過改變市場競爭格局在航運低谷期實現可持續發展。隨著“一帶一路”和“中國制造2025”等國家政策深入落實，我國航運業迎來了產業升級的最好時機。以并購為手段，突破航運市場發展的周期性，在與國際航運企業的市場競爭中得以生存和發展，是我國航運企業在全球航運市場競爭格局發生變化的大環境下亟待解決的問題。……