張甜 朱玉杰 董希斌
(東北林業大學,哈爾濱,150040)
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撫育間伐對大興安嶺天然用材林冠層結構及光環境特征的影響1)
張甜 朱玉杰 董希斌
(東北林業大學,哈爾濱,150040)
以大興安嶺天然用材林為研究對象,利用冠層分析儀對不同撫育間伐后的冠層結構及光學特性進行測定,分析冠層結構各項指標參數之間的相關性、撫育間伐后冠層結構及光環境特征的變化情況,并運用主成分分析法對間伐后冠層結構變化進行了綜合評價。結果表明:大興安嶺天然用材林主要冠層指標林隙分數、開度、葉面積指數、總定點因子和冠下總光合有效輻射通量之間有顯著相關性(P<0.01),并且這些指標的相關性不受間伐強度的影響;隨著間伐強度的增加,葉面積指數呈現先增加后減小的趨勢,其余冠層指標林隙分數、開度、直接定點因子、總定點因子和冠下直接光合有效輻射通量及冠下總光合有效輻射通量均呈現先減小后增大的趨勢;中等間伐強度能極大改善冠層結構和光分布的合理性,間伐強度為19%時撫育效果最佳。
撫育間伐;天然用材林;森林冠層結構;林內光環境;大興安嶺
The forest canopy geometry and understory light characters were measured with the Winscanopy. The relationship between canopy structure parameters was studied the changes of forest canopy geometry and understory light after different tending intensity, and principal component analysis method was used to make the comprehensive evaluation of canopy geometry after the cutting. The gap fraction, openness and LAI had a significant relationships with the total site factors and the PPFD under canopy, and the correlation of these indicators was not affected by the cutting intensity. With the increase of cutting intensity, the LAI was increased and then decreased, the gap fraction, openness, direct site factor, total site factor, direct PPFD under per day and total PPFD under per day were decreased and then increased. The medium cutting strength could greatly improve the rationality of the canopy structure and light distribution, and the tending effect was the best when the cutting strength of 19%.
森林冠層結構及組成影響著林木對降水、光輻射的截留能力,對林內環境,比如地表植被、土壤等產生很大影響,進而決定著林木的生長能力和質量。國內外對冠層的研究多側重于對冠層結構與植物生產力關系研究[1-4],對林下光環境及林下幼苗對光環境的響應也有初步研究;但缺乏較大空間尺度上的研究。對于冠層結構的相關研究,主要集中在對林分葉面積指數的直接與間接測定方法[5]。在光環境研究上,張彥雷等人[6]在林分密度變化條件下,對山西省太岳山馬泉林場油松人工林林分冠層結構與林內光環境響應進行了研究。
目前,對撫育間伐條件下林分冠層結構與林內光環境響應的研究較少。通過間伐,構建合理的冠層結構,使得林內光分布趨于合理,提高光能利用率、林分生長率,促進森林可持續發展,同時半球影像技術對分析冠層結構具有較好的實用性[7-9]?!?br>