倪潔 張麗麗 程康華
(南京林業大學,南京,210037)
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水載型復合木材防腐劑的制備及其抑菌性能1)
倪潔 張麗麗 程康華
(南京林業大學,南京,210037)
選擇己唑醇衍生物(Hex-1)、戊唑醇、氯菊酯為主要有效成分,制備水載型復合木材防腐劑。用4.76% Hex-1、4.76%戊唑醇、0.48%氯菊酯、30%有機溶劑和20%乳化劑的配方,在乳化時間30 min、乳化溫度25 ℃、攪拌速度600 r/min的條件下進行乳化,得到均相、透明的水載型木材防腐劑。對防腐劑粒徑、低溫穩定性、熱貯穩定性、稀釋穩定性、凍融穩定性及抑菌性能進行考查,結果表明:防腐劑粒徑分布在10~100 nm,在±2℃的低溫條件和(54±2)℃的高溫條件下,防腐劑穩定、稀釋性好;在-18 ℃下冷凍,融化后能恢復均相透明狀態,且稀釋穩定性無明顯變化。防腐劑具有良好的抑菌活性,其效果與相同質量分數油載型防腐劑相當。
木材防腐劑;己唑醇衍生物;戊唑醇;氯菊酯;微乳劑;抑菌效果
We chose the derivative of hexaconazole (Hex-1), tebuconazole and permethrin as the effective components of water-borne composite wood preservatives. With a composition of Hex-1 4.76%, tebuconazole 4.76%, permethrin 0.48%, organic solvents 30% and emulsifiers 20%, we obtained a homogeneous and transparent water-borne wood preservative for 30-min emulsification, emulsification temperature of 25 ℃ and stirring speed of 600 r/min. We tested the particle size, stability at low and high temperatures, steadiness of dilution, freeze thawing stability and antimicrobial effect of the preservative. The particle size of the preservative ranged from 10 nm to 100 nm. The preservative was stable with a good dilution property at low temperature of ±2 ℃ and high temperature of (54±2)℃. The preservative was in homogeneous and transparent state, and there were no significant changes in dilution stability on melting after it was frozen at -18 ℃. The preservative showed good antimicrobial activities and had the equal effects with the control group in antimicrobial experiments.
木材作為當今四大建筑材料中唯一可再生資源,易受各種生物降解因子的侵害而腐朽。對木材進行防腐處理[1]能延長其使用壽命、擴大應用領域,是節約木材資源的有效措施,具有很好的經濟效益和生態效益。常見的木材防腐劑大多含有銅、鉻、砷等金屬元素,如鉻化砷酸銅(CCA)、季銨銅(ACQ)等,最大不足之處就是易造成環境污染[2-3],很多國家已限制其使用。因此,從事木材保護研究的科技工作者都把重點放到不含金屬的水載型有機木材防腐劑的研發上[4-5]。相比于CCA、ACQ等,水載型有機木材防腐劑具有環境友好、成本低廉和易于回收的優點[6]?!?br>