天使圣瑪麗教堂

天使圣瑪麗教堂

荷蘭鹿特丹

業主：R.K. begraafplaats St. Laurentius

設計：1998-2001年

施工：2000-2001年

結構工程：代爾夫特ABT公司

承建商：H&B Bouw公司

面積：120平方米

建筑成本：52.2萬歐元（1999年）

攝影：Christian Richters

Client： R.K. begraafplaats St. Laurentius， Rotterdam

Design： 1998-1999

Execution： 2000-2001

Structural engineer： ABT b.v.， Delft

Contractor： H&B Bouw b.v.， Sassenheim

Area： 120 m2

Building costs： incl. installations € 522 000 （1999）

Photos： ? Christian Richters

在有150年歷史的兩座教堂的舊址上建造的第三座小教堂

1998年梅卡諾建筑事務所為鹿特丹圣勞倫提斯RK公墓設計建造了一座新教堂。這是為最初于1865年3月13日建成的公墓所建的第三座教堂。這座以天使圣瑪麗名義建造的第三座教堂于2001年投入使用。

天使圣瑪麗教堂的位置剛好在1869年完工的新古典風格的教堂舊址上。原來的教堂差點因鹿特丹不穩定的建筑地基而坍塌。1963年在原址上又建了一座像一頂大帳篷的教堂，外表全部用銅材裝飾，頂部有一口鐘。這座教堂也出現了地基問題，幾近坍塌，最后只能拆毀。所以現在的這座新教堂也是完全新造的建筑。

天使圣瑪麗教堂能一直延續至今基于人們相信人有來生的信仰。人們把逝者送進教堂，在這座幽靜而令人冥思的教堂做片刻反思，然后登上單程的往生之路。教堂里的空間布局有一種象征意義：高出地面大約70公分的一道矮墻，連綿蜿蜒。這道墻是深藍色，上面是多種語言的安魂曲歌詞，墓地為鹿特丹多種文化的民族共用。教堂的屋頂像是一張折紙一樣在空中飄飛。金黃色天花板由安裝在下面的燈光照明。天花板上有天窗，白天一束陽光從天而降，焚香時更顯生動。

這座教堂建在原新哥特式教堂的舊址一個由碎石鋪成的平臺上，共有兩層，用天然石材隔開，標志著牧師和教徒各自不同的位置。頂上的鐘樓里還是1963年教堂里安放的那口鐘。

model photo： ? Pieter Vandermeer

Third chapel built on the 150 year remains of the former chapels

In 1998 Mecanoo architecten designed a new chapel for the R.K. Cemetery St. Laurentius in Rotterdam. This would be the third chapel for the cemetery， which was originally founded on the 13th of March 1865. This third Chapel， devoted to Saint Mary of Angels， was put into use in 2001.

The Chapel Saint Mary of the Angels is situated on the exact location of a neo-classical chapel， which was completed in 1869. This chapel almost collapsed because of the unstable Rotterdam building ground. In 1963 a new chapel was built on top of the foundations of the old one： a building， which was shaped like a big wigwam， covered with copper， with a bell in its top. This chapel also suffered from foundation-problems. Again the building tended to collapse and had to be broken down. The third chapel therefore became a new foundation.

The routing of the Chapel of Saint Mary of the Angels is based on a confidence in the continuation of life. You carry the deceased into the chapel， have a moment of reflection in a quiet， meditative building， and then leave the chapel in a single， continuous movement. The space has an organic form： a continuous curving wall raised seventy centimetres above the ground. The wall has an intense deep blue colour and texts from the Requiem appear on it in many languages； the cemetery is a place for the multicultural population of Rotterdam. The roof floats above the space like a folded sheet of paper. The golden ceiling is artificially lit from below. An opening in the ceiling allows daylight to enter the chapel in a ray of light， which is further accentuated at the moment when incense is burnt.

The chapel is standing on a platform of gravel within the outlines of the previous neo-gothic chapel. Two floors， inlayed with natural stone， mark the place of the priest and the congregation. In the bell tower， the bell from the chapel of 1963 is placed.

Chapel Saint Mary of the Angels Rotterdam， the Netherlands