2015年世博會(huì)兒童樂(lè)園，米蘭，意大利

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：ZPZ事務(wù)所

2015年世博會(huì)兒童樂(lè)園，米蘭，意大利

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：ZPZ事務(wù)所

1 兒童樂(lè)園/View of the Children Park

兒童樂(lè)園是一個(gè)線(xiàn)性公園，包括8座位于升高平臺(tái)上的構(gòu)筑物，采用木條編制的巨大線(xiàn)圈形狀，為展覽及兒童活動(dòng)遮雨蔽日。作為自然與人工并存的改造景觀(guān)的一部分，這些展亭建筑的設(shè)計(jì)采用了模擬自然的有機(jī)語(yǔ)言，而反對(duì)過(guò)于正式的建筑語(yǔ)匯。

該項(xiàng)目簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)是一條擁有8個(gè)展亭的自然景觀(guān)道，寓教于樂(lè)地讓兒童從多方面接觸2015年米蘭世博會(huì)的核心主題：“滋養(yǎng)地球：生命之源”。參觀(guān)8個(gè)展亭的總時(shí)間大約1小時(shí)，提供25人左右的兒童團(tuán)體（一個(gè)典型班級(jí)大小）參加的簡(jiǎn)單互動(dòng)游戲，每小時(shí)可接待1200名參觀(guān)者，也包括兒童的成年監(jiān)護(hù)人在內(nèi)。

一條由松木板鋪設(shè)、寬窄不一的步道，隨著展亭所在的位置而變寬。懸浮的線(xiàn)圈形構(gòu)筑物由3個(gè)支點(diǎn)舉在空中，直徑12m、高度7m。這些構(gòu)筑物也容納了技術(shù)及后勤保障設(shè)備，夜晚它們會(huì)被點(diǎn)亮，讓這個(gè)兒童公園從很遠(yuǎn)就可看到。

項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)策略是創(chuàng)造一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的視覺(jué)感受，同時(shí)在路徑上引導(dǎo)體驗(yàn)式、互動(dòng)式和教育式的展覽，并穿插以自然植物。解決方案是以景觀(guān)建筑的方法來(lái)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，結(jié)合了設(shè)計(jì)自然的方法、意大利傳統(tǒng)園林的經(jīng)典語(yǔ)匯，以及在農(nóng)業(yè)中更為常見(jiàn)的序列式自然景觀(guān)。項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)不是建造實(shí)體建筑，而是創(chuàng)造由園林語(yǔ)匯組成的可滲透界面，編制起形似植物或植物化石的構(gòu)筑元素。這些構(gòu)筑物的顏色在頂端逐漸弱化，也與種植在公園邊緣的濱水植物相呼應(yīng)。在公園內(nèi)部，世博會(huì)運(yùn)河邊種植了單一植被構(gòu)成的主題區(qū)域。教育參觀(guān)路徑上點(diǎn)綴著裝飾性或結(jié)果的樹(shù)和灌木，還有一個(gè)蝴蝶花園和一個(gè)芳香植物花園。

容納公園設(shè)施（兒童衛(wèi)生間，以及操控展覽、安全監(jiān)控、技術(shù)區(qū)和連接至廣場(chǎng)的電梯的技術(shù)設(shè)備）的構(gòu)筑物覆蓋以3種不同寬度的松木條，木條染上不同的色彩，以隨機(jī)雙曲線(xiàn)形式鋪設(shè)于構(gòu)筑物表面，消解了結(jié)構(gòu)的實(shí)體性，提升了材料和顏色的視覺(jué)效果。公園的出入口設(shè)置了室外就餐區(qū)域，環(huán)繞著橡木角樹(shù)林中才能見(jiàn)到的典型植被，還有彩虹色露臺(tái)的空地、一個(gè)反射性棱柱組成的迷宮、以及其他懸掛在樹(shù)上的驚喜。

兒童公園的設(shè)計(jì)希望營(yíng)造兒童作為探索者的形象：智慧的、有能力的，既能在視覺(jué)上接受當(dāng)代文化的熏陶，又能按照個(gè)人的學(xué)習(xí)策略加以調(diào)整。設(shè)計(jì)美學(xué)也完全不同于常規(guī)兒童景觀(guān)中幼稚的童話(huà)主題和色彩，而是由兒童自己創(chuàng)造或?yàn)樗麄兌ㄖ频囊曈X(jué)元素來(lái)裝點(diǎn)：包括參照兒童繪畫(huà)制作的大型動(dòng)物模型、關(guān)于行星的科普知識(shí)、互動(dòng)性影像，還有探索復(fù)雜的可持續(xù)性生活主題的機(jī)會(huì)。（黃華青 譯）

2 兒童樂(lè)園中的8個(gè)展區(qū)和迎賓區(qū)的布局/Layout of the Children Park with the 8 exhibits and the welcome area

3 兒童樂(lè)園夜景/Night view of Children Park

4 展區(qū)1—嗅覺(jué)環(huán)/Exhibit 1 – Ring around Noses

5 展區(qū)3—生命環(huán)/Exhibit 3 – Ring around Life

The Children's Park, a linear garden with eight attractions on raised platforms, has giant bobbinshaped elements in wooden lattice sheltering the exhibits and children's activities from rain and sun. Fragments of domesticated nature where the natural and artificial coexist, the exhibits were designed to privilege the organic language of nature as opposed to a more formal architectural vocabulary.

The project, essentially a nature walk with eight exhibits, offers children playful learning experiences as they interact with various aspects of Expo Milan 2015's core theme, "Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life". An hour long tour includes each of the eight exhibits, brief interactive games for groups of around 25 children (a typical school class size), allowing approximately 1,200 visitors an hour, including adult chaperons.

A path of larch wood slats in irregular widths widens out in correspondence with the exhibits. The suspended bobbin shaped structures, lifted off the ground by three supports, are twelve meters in diameter and 7.5 meters tall. The structures, also used for technical and support equipment, light up in the evening, making the Children's Park visible from a distance.

The design strategy was inspired by a need to create a unified visual perception while heralding the experiential, interactive and didactic exhibits along the path, occasionally interspersed with natural planting.The solution was to approach the project as landscape architecture, confronting the language of nature-bydesign, the lexicon of historic Italian gardens, but also the sequential nature more typically found in agriculture. The objective was not to build architectural structures but places with permeable surfaces using the language of gardens, woven elements that recall living plants or plant material fossils. The structures, their colors becoming less intense towards the top, also create a dialogue with the riparian forest planted along the Park's edge. Just inside, the Expo canal is planted with themed areas of mono-specific vegetation; decorative or fruit bearing trees and shrubs are linked to the didactic path which includes a butterfly garden and an aromatic plant garden.

The structure for park amenities (bathrooms for children, technical equipment to monitor the exhibits, security surveillance, technical areas, and the flights of stairs leading to the plaza) are clad in larch wood in three different widths, each stained a different beige and laid out in random double curves, dematerializing the structure and increasing the visual perception of materiality and color. The park's entrance and exit have picnic areas surrounded by vegetation typically found in oak-hornbeam forests, and glades equipped with rainbow colored gazebos, a labyrinth of reflective prisms, and other surprises hanging from trees.

The Children's Park proposes an image of children as explorers; intelligent, competent, capable of meeting contemporary cultural on a visual level, and gifted with their own personal learning strategies. The aesthetic is far from the usual childish fairytales and primary colors, brimming with a visual language created by and for children: large animals made from their original drawings, planetary messages, interactive video, and opportunities to explore the complex theme of sustainable living.

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

協(xié)作及教學(xué)法設(shè)計(jì)/Coordination and Pedagogical Project: Reggio Children

服務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)/Service Design: Stefano Maffei

策展人/Curator: Sabina Cantarelli

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/ZPZ Partners Design Team: Michele Zini, Claudia Zoboli, Sara Callioni, Andrea Cattabriga, Sara Michelini, Riccardo Zuliani

建筑施工/Architecture construction documents: Metropolitana Milanese and ZPZ Partners

展覽施工/Exhibits Construction Documents: FIera Milano and ZPZ Partners

平面設(shè)計(jì)/Graphic Design: Rolando Baldini

總面積/General Area: 7812m2

展區(qū)面積/Exhibition Area: 4.250m2

6 展區(qū)4—環(huán)中環(huán)/Exhibit 4 – Ring around Rings

7 展區(qū)5—樹(shù)木環(huán)/Exhibit 5 – Ring around Trees

8 線(xiàn)圈形的構(gòu)成元素—結(jié)構(gòu)/Bobbin-shaped element – structure

9 線(xiàn)圈形的構(gòu)成元素—平面和剖面/Bobbin-shaped element – plan and section

10.11 展區(qū)5—樹(shù)木環(huán)/Exhibit 5 – Ring around Trees

12.13 展區(qū)6—能量環(huán)/Exhibit 6 – Ring around Energy

評(píng)論

郭屹民：一處由色彩及圓環(huán)的形態(tài)所點(diǎn)綴的兒童樂(lè)園。設(shè)計(jì)師似乎想將嬉戲的體驗(yàn)在這里設(shè)定為一種更為內(nèi)向的、非日常的個(gè)體經(jīng)驗(yàn)。8處規(guī)模類(lèi)似而宛如細(xì)胞一般的圓環(huán)以不同的界面表情各自為政，形成了8處樂(lè)園中的小樂(lè)園。而此時(shí)或許能夠明白那些色彩在某種程度上也是為了使這里的兒童樂(lè)園=嬉戲從環(huán)境中脫穎而出吧！

Comments

GUO Yimin: It is a children's playground embellished by colors and circular forms. The designer seems trying to set the playing experiences as a more introverted and non-daily individual experiences. The eight rings, which are in the shape of cells of similar sizes, form independent spaces with different interface expressions, and the eight small playgrounds are created inside the playground. Now we may understand that the application of the colors is to make the playing in the playground stand out from the surrounding environment.青山周平：在“大人的世界”里，五感中往往比較重視視覺(jué)設(shè)計(jì)。我們的成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程，也許就是讓兒童時(shí)代所擁有過(guò)的五感逐漸消失的過(guò)程。在兒童時(shí)期，對(duì)視覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)、嗅覺(jué)、觸覺(jué)、味覺(jué)的反復(fù)使用和鍛煉，對(duì)我們的大腦發(fā)育是非常重要的。

這個(gè)項(xiàng)目完全解放了孩子的五感，一邊游戲一邊學(xué)習(xí)，一邊學(xué)習(xí)一邊玩耍，就像廣場(chǎng)一樣的空間。我想，在我們“大人的世界”里，如果有這種可以刺激五感的空間，那不是更好嗎？我們確實(shí)有很多要向孩子們學(xué)習(xí)的地方。Shuhei Aoyama: In the "adult world," visual design is usually more emphasized among five senses. The process to grow up is likely to be a disappearing process of the five senses that we used to possess in childhood when repeated uses and exercises of sight, sound, touch, and taste are quite indispensable to the brain development.

This project totally releases children's five senses, so as to enable them to learn while playing, and to play while learning, by providing a space just like square. I suppose, in our "adult world", wouldn't it be better if we have such space stimulating the five senses? We indeed have a lot to learn from children.

Children Park Expo Milano 2015, Italy, 2015

Architects: ZPZ Partners

16 展區(qū)2—水之環(huán)—剖面/Exhibit 2 – Ring around Water - section

17.18 展區(qū)2—水之環(huán)/Exhibit 2 – Ring around Water