雖小，用法不少

周輝

It雖是個很簡單的詞，但是其用法在歷年的高考中卻是常常涉及，本文結合高考真題為考生梳理歸納it的七大考點。

考點一、考查it自身的用法

此考點主要考查it的形容詞性物主代詞its和它的反身代詞itself的用法，例如：

（1）A few hours before，I？蒺d been at home in Shijiazhuang，with its choking smog.

（2）The machine switches itself off when the process is complete.

考點二、考查it作代詞的用法

1. it代替整個句子，例如：

The doctor advised my father strongly that he should take a holiday，but it didn't help.

2. it表示不確定指代，例如（單句語法填空，下同）：

—Do you like here？

—Oh，yes. The air，the weather，the way of life. Everything is wonderful.

答案與解析：it。根據問句可知，提問者不能確定被問者喜歡什么，這里it表示不確定指代。

3. it指代上文或下文出現的物或事，例如：

（1）We are organizing an art exhibition for high school students in this city. It will be held on the 9 of July in the Exhibition Hall of Beihai.（It指代上文的an art exhibition）

（2）It helps develop your strength and flexibility. Raise your leg and let it stay in the air for seconds.（it指代文中的leg）

4. it指性別不明的人或嬰兒，例如：

（1）Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see who it is.

（2）Her baby's due next month. She hopes it will be a boy.

5. it指代時間、距離和天氣等，例如：

（1）—He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.

—When was that？

—It was in 2004 when he was still in college.（指時間）

（2）It is over 200 miles from London to Manchester.（指距離）

6. it和one，ones，that和those的區別

It特指上文提到的事物，而one/ ones/ that/ those指代的事物與前面的事物屬于同一類，但不是同一事物。使用one和ones時，后面通常沒有介詞短語作后置定語；使用that 和those時，后面通常有介詞短語作定語。that可與the one互換，those可與the ones互換。例如：

（1）I like this house with a beautiful garden on front，but I don？蒺t have enough money to buy one.

（2）The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.

考點三、考查it作形式賓語的用法

1. think/ find/ consider/ make/ feel/ believe等動詞后有形容詞或名詞作賓語補足語時，真正的賓語不定式、V-ing形式或從句要后置，且用it作形式賓語，例如：

（1）Jack made it clear to me that he wished to make a new life for himself.

（2）No matter where she is，she makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.

（3）I think it is important to learn English.

（4）I did consider it was no use reporting the incident.

2. like/love/enjoy/hate/appreciate it +when/if +句子時，like/love/enjoy/hate/appreciate后不直接跟賓語從句，常用it代替后面句子所表示的意義，例如：

（1）How would you like it if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you？

（2）I'd appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.

3.在其他結構中考查it作形式賓語，例如：

（1）Don't take for granted that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.

（2）You may rely on that she won't be late.

（3）Can you see to that the fax goes this afternoon？

答案與解析：三空均填it。take it for granted that...意為“想當然的認為……”，depend/rely on it that...意為“相信、指望……”，see to it that...意為“負責、注意、務必、保證……”，短語中的it均為形式賓語，真正的賓語為that從句。

考點四、考查it作形式主語的用法

1. “It+be+形容詞或名詞+ 從句”結構，例如：

（1）It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.

（2）The Foreign Minister said，“It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”

2. “It+be+V-ed+從句”結構，例如：

（1） is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.

（2）It is required that in the regulations that you____ not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.

答案與解析：（1）正確答案是It。It is said that...意為“據說……”，是一個常用句型；（2）正確答案是should。注意：在“It+be+V-ed+從句”結構中，若V-ed為required/suggested/demanded/recommended等表示要求、建議或命令等含義的動詞時，從句謂語動詞必須用should+動詞原形，且should可以省略。

3. “It's no use/good doing sth”結構

此句型表示：做……是無用的/不好的，例如：

（1）Eugene's never willing to alter any of his opinions. It's no use arguing with him.

（2）It's no good telling him—he won't listen.

4. “It+be+adj of/for sb to do sth”結構，例如：

此句型重點考查何時用of，何時用for。如果句型中的形容詞是用來描述sb的特征的（如kind/rude/cruel/polite/right/wrong/foolish/silly/stupid/wise等），則用of，此時句式可以換成sb+be+adj+ to do sth；若句型中形容詞是用來描述不定式性質的（如important/necessary/hard/difficult/easy/

natural/common等），則用for。例如：

（1）It was considerate Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.（Key：of）

（2）It is difficult us to understand why she barks every minute she is outside.（Key：for）

（3）Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult____ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.（Key：it）

5. it作形式主語的其他情況

當主語部分偏長時，這時通常出于習慣或句子平衡的需要，用it作形式主語，將真正的主語后置。例如：

（1）It worries me the way she keeps changing her mind.

（2）Now it occurred to him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.

考點五、考查it強調句型

1. It be +被強調部分+that/who...

解題的關鍵是判斷句子是否為it強調句型，一般來說，只需去掉It be...that/who...這個結構，若句子結構仍是完整的，即為強調句型。例如：

（1）It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.

（2）It was in NewYork that Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.

2. it強調句型和特殊疑問詞連用，例如：

（1）I just wonder it is that makes him so happy.（Key：what）

（2）Why！ I have nothing to confess. What it is you want me to say？ （Key：that）

3. it強調句型和not until...連用，例如：

（1）It wasn？蒺t until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks that I found we had a lot in common.

（2）It was not until midnight that they reached the campsite.

4. it強調句型的省略形式，例如：

—Where did you get to know her？

—It was on the farm we worked.

答案與解析：where。根據題意，答句完整形式應為“It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.” 此考點主要考查當被強調部分為句子的主語、時間狀語或者地點狀語等時，that從句常省略。

考點六、考查it的幾個常見固定句型

（1）If you miss this chance，it may be years ____ you get another one.

（2）That was really a wonderful evening. It's years ____I enjoyed myself so much.

（3）It's high time that you ____（have） your hair cut；it's getting much too long.

（4）—Shall we go to the art exhibition right away？

—It's all up ____ you.

（5）It is the first time that we ____（see） a movie in the cinema together as a family.

答案與解析：

（1）before。It be+時間+before...意為“過了一段時間才……”，是一個固定句型。

（2）since。在“It is /has been+時間+since +句子”結構中，若從句中謂語動詞為延續性動詞，則句型意為：某人……時間，已經沒有……了，如本句；若從句中謂語動詞為短暫性動詞，則句意為：某人已經……有……時間了，如：It's thirty years since we last met.

（3）had/ should have。It's time that...句型表示“是做……事情的時候了”，其中連詞that可以省去，使用該句型時，that從句中的謂語動詞要用一般過去時或用“should +動詞原型”，should不可省略。

（4）to。It's up to sb to do sth意為“由某人決定做某事”。在此句型中，口語中常用“It's （all） up to you.”或“Up to you.”表示“由你決定”。

（5）have seen。在“It+be+ the+序數詞+（that）+句子”結構中應注意以下三點：①it不是固定的，可以根據需要，變為this或that；②句中的that可以省略；③若主句中的be動詞是is，則從句謂語動詞要用現在完成時，若主句中的be動詞是was，則從句謂語動詞要用過去完成時。

考點七、考查it在一些固定短語中的用法

It常見的固定用法有：make it（成功，安排在或定在某時間）/forget it（別提了，沒關系，忘了它吧）/Don't mention it.（別提了，表示不用謝）/ It doesn't matter.（沒關系）/ It（That） depends.（視情況而定）/You guessed it.（你猜著了）/It's hard to say.（很難說）/ Believe it or not. （信不信由你）等。例如：

（1）I'm amazed to hear from my school teacher again. Believe it or not. It is ten years since we met last.

（2）—Sorry， Liz. I think I was a bit rude to you.

—Forget it，but I don't do that again.