飛播馬尾松林林分空間結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)林下植被多樣性的影響1)

黎芳 潘萍 寧金魁 賴國楨 歐陽勛志 徐輝 郭麗玲 吳自榮 易祖濱

(中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院 亞熱帶林業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中心，江西省分宜縣，336600)江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué))(江西省興國縣林業(yè)局)

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飛播馬尾松林林分空間結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)林下植被多樣性的影響1)

黎芳 潘萍 寧金魁 賴國楨 歐陽勛志 徐輝 郭麗玲 吳自榮 易祖濱

(中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院 亞熱帶林業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中心，江西省分宜縣，336600)江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué))(江西省興國縣林業(yè)局)

以飛播馬尾松中齡林為研究對(duì)象，通過典型樣地調(diào)查，運(yùn)用單因素方差及灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析方法，分析林分空間結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)林下植被多樣性的影響。結(jié)果表明：(1)大小比數(shù)對(duì)灌木及草本層多樣性及蓋度影響均不顯著(P>0.05)；角尺度、混交度對(duì)灌木及草本Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)影響顯著(P<0.05)，且混交度對(duì)草本Patrick指數(shù)影響達(dá)到顯著水平(P<0.05)；空間密度、開敞度對(duì)草本Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)影響顯著(P<0.05)，且開敞度對(duì)灌木Patrick指數(shù)的影響達(dá)顯著水平(P<0.05)，空間密度對(duì)灌木蓋度的影響達(dá)顯著水平(P<0.05)；各種空間結(jié)構(gòu)指數(shù)對(duì)Pielou指數(shù)的影響均不顯著(P>0.05)。總體上，林下植被多樣性表現(xiàn)為林木隨機(jī)分布的林分高于聚集分布的林分，混交林高于純林，中等密度林分高于高密度林分，開敞度基本充足的林分高于開敞度嚴(yán)重不足的林分。(2)受林下植被物種多樣性影響最大的是空間密度，最小的是大小比數(shù)。因此，以調(diào)整林分密度為主，綜合調(diào)整林木分布格局、樹種結(jié)構(gòu)及其開敞度，將有利于提高林下植被的多樣性。

飛播造林；馬尾松林；林下植被；林分空間結(jié)構(gòu)；植被多樣性

With the understory vegetation of aerial seedingPinusmassonianaplantations in the middle age, we explored the effect of spatial structure on the understory vegetation diversity by investigating the typical plots by one-way ANOVA method and grey correlation analysis method. The results showed that: (1)Both uniform angle index and mingling degree had significant influence on Shannon-Wiener index of shrub and herb; the influence of mingling degree to Patrick index of herb also reached a significant level, while non-significant influence of neighborhood comparison was found on all diversity indexes of shrub and herb; both the effects of spatial density and opening degree on Shannon-Wiener indexes of herb were significant. The opening degree had a significant impact on the Patrick index of shrub and spatial density had a significant impact on the cover of shrub; non-significant relationship was found between all spatial structure indexes and Pielou index. Overall, the diversity indexes of understory vegetation were the mixed stands>the pure stands, the stands of random distribution>the stands of aggregated distribution, middle density stands>high density stand, and the stands of basically adequate opening degree>the stands of seriously short opening degree. (2)Through the grey correlation analysis between the stand spatial structure indexes and understory vegetation diversity indexes, spatial density had the greatest influence on the species diversity of understory vegetation, and the minimum was the neighborhood comparison. Therefore, after giving priority to adjust the stand density integrated with regulating the spatial pattern of the tree, species structure and opening degree will be conducive to improve the diversity of the understory vegetation.

林下植被是森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分，在維持系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定、防止水土流失、促進(jìn)養(yǎng)分循環(huán)等方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。物種多樣性是維持整個(gè)森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定的關(guān)鍵因子之一[1]，林下植被蓋度的改變可影響土壤的徑流和侵蝕[2]。林下植被的……