曾新德 張有佳 王承勛 薛斌瑞 李威龍 張杰 李銳
(甘肅民勤連古城國家級自然保護區管理局,甘肅省·民勤,733300)
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石羊河下游綿刺群落結構和物種多樣性特征1)
曾新德 張有佳 王承勛 薛斌瑞 李威龍 張杰 李銳
(甘肅民勤連古城國家級自然保護區管理局,甘肅省·民勤,733300)
在對石羊河下游綿刺群落野外實地調查的基礎上,對群落結構和物種多樣性特征進行了分析。結果表明:石羊河下游綿刺群落由10科27屬30種植物組成,單科單屬種占綿刺群落植物種類的50%,科屬組成分散,植物種類單一。灌木的密度和蓋度明顯大于多年生草本和1年生草本。群落密度山間谷地最大,沙礫質荒漠最??;群落蓋度沙礫質荒漠和山間谷地相差不大,山前洪積扇地最小。綿刺為群落優勢種,在沙礫質荒漠上密度和蓋度最大,在山前洪積扇地密度和蓋度最小。綿刺群落在山前洪積扇地和山間谷地物種比沙礫質荒漠相對較豐富。從物種多樣性特征來看,綿刺群落在山間谷地上分布的綿刺群落相對穩定,在山前洪積扇地和沙礫質荒漠的分布穩定性較差。
石羊河下游;綿刺;綿刺群落;物種多樣性
We studied the community structure and species diversity characteristics ofPotaniniamongolicacommunity in the lower reaches of Shiyanghe River. A total of 30 species belonging to 27 genera in 10 families were identified in the surveyed plots, and the species were unitary and the families and genus are of scattered composition. The community density and coverage of shrub plants are obviously greater than those of perennial and annual herb plants. Community density is the maximum on the mountain valley, but the gravel desert is the minimum. There is no significant difference between mountainous valley and gravel desert in the community coverage, and the alluvial fan is the minimum. The species richness forPotaniniamongolicacommunity is higher in the alluvial fan and mountainous valley than that in the gravel desert. The species diversity characteristics are more stable in the mountainous valley than that in the gravel desert.
綿刺(PotaniniamongolicaMaxim)為薔薇科(Rosaceae)綿刺屬(PotaniniaMaxim.)植物,是一種古老殘遺植物,屬國家首批公布的二級珍稀瀕危保護植物,分布在蒙古南部、內蒙西部、寧夏西部和甘肅河西走廊北部的荒漠地區,其分布區狹小,對干旱氣候具有高度的適應性,是一種強旱生小灌木。綿刺荒漠是阿拉善東部地區特有的地帶性荒漠群系,也是阿拉善高平原荒漠植被的主要組成部分,它的存在對認識古地中海植物區系和植被的起源具有重要的科學意義[1-3]?!?br>