平特賈馬廄屋，阿爾門斯，瑞士

建筑設(shè)計：古然與帕利建筑事務(wù)所

平特賈馬廄屋，阿爾門斯，瑞士

建筑設(shè)計：古然與帕利建筑事務(wù)所

1 外景/Exterior view

“平特賈屋”項目是由馬廄改造而成的住宅，它位于瑞士格勞賓登州阿爾門斯市一個古村的中心?，F(xiàn)有建筑由兩部分組成，其形體比例保持完全不變。立面的低調(diào)改造也僅限于幾個區(qū)域。在沿街的正立面上，建筑呈現(xiàn)出一種內(nèi)向的形象。掛板遮住了一部分更大的開口，僅讓光線由裝飾性的開口射入室內(nèi)，這種做法在該地區(qū)很常見。其他的玻璃帶和窗戶位于山墻及建筑朝向花園的一側(cè)。一個中心天窗的設(shè)計為該建筑深處帶來了充足的陽光。

這一設(shè)計源于客戶的愿望——一座盡可能與自然協(xié)調(diào)的生態(tài)建筑。為此，根據(jù)分擔(dān)荷載的房中房概念，選擇了木材和土的組合，以適應(yīng)現(xiàn)有建筑掏空后的室內(nèi)狀況。水平支撐結(jié)構(gòu)由無金屬連接的實木地板/天花構(gòu)成——這是為露明而制作的。夯土板厚50cm，主要位于建筑的核心部位，在垂直方向上將3層聯(lián)系起來。這里也有主要的建筑設(shè)備構(gòu)件，包括一體式蓄熱供暖器、熱激活建筑系統(tǒng)（由地?zé)崽綔y熱泵供熱）和通風(fēng)控制設(shè)備。除了美學(xué)特征以外，平特賈屋的夯土在建筑物理學(xué)上也有許多突出優(yōu)勢：能夠蓄熱和調(diào)節(jié)濕度——換言之，它是這個住宅溫暖而舒適的中心?！?（尚晉 譯）

2 吊裝的預(yù)制夯土墻/All prefabricated rammed earth walls have been installed from above

3 總平面，夯土墻部分承重/Site plan, the rammed earth walls are partly load-bearing

The "Plazza Pintgia" project, a stable converted into a residential house, is located in the heart of the historical village center of the small municipality of Almens in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. The volumetric proportions of the existing building, which consisted of two parts, remained completely unchanged. The low-key changes to the fa?ade are also confined to a few areas. On the street front the building has an introverted appearance. Larger apertures are partly shuttered with cladding panels that only allow light into the interior via their ornamental cut-outs, which are typical of the region. Other strips of glass and windows are located in the gable and on the garden side of the building. A central skylight also admits sufficient daylights into the depths of the building.

The planning was predicated on the client's wish to have an ecological building that was as closely attuned to nature as possible. Accordingly, a combination of wood and earth was selected, on the basis of which a house-within-a-house concept with shared load-bearing functions was developed to fit inside the existing building, which was completely gutted. The horizontal support structure consists of solid timber floors/ceilings without any metal joints -these are crafted as a visible feature. Rammed-earth panels, with a thickness of 50 cm and predominantly positioned in the core of the building, connect all three floors vertically. These also serve as a key building services element, with an integrated storage heater, a thermo-active building system (fed by a geothermal probe heat pump), and ventilation management. Besides its aesthetic properties, the rammed earth in the "Plazza Pintgia" also has major advantages in terms of building physics: it stores heat and regulates humidity - in other words, it serves as the warm and cozy center of the house.□

評論

李燁：在一個木結(jié)構(gòu)的房子里加入夯土墻體是一個困難的工作。3層的夯土墻體必須層層對齊，讓壓力逐步傳遞下去。因此我們猜想，新加的夯土墻體“被限制”在少數(shù)幾個區(qū)域，呈現(xiàn)出一種家具式的狀態(tài)，是一種結(jié)合了結(jié)構(gòu)可行性的設(shè)計手法。把夯土壁爐放在整個住宅的中心位置是布局的關(guān)鍵。我們知道夯土具有蓄熱的材料特性，因此由壁爐產(chǎn)生的熱量不會迅速排放出建筑，而是通過夯土材料，緩慢地釋放到房間中，起到節(jié)能的效果。文中提到的一體式蓄熱供暖器，是馬丁開發(fā)的一種將水暖盤管和保溫材料夯筑入墻體的構(gòu)造技術(shù)，是擴(kuò)展夯土技術(shù)范圍的有益嘗試。

沈康懿：平特賈馬廄屋宛若潯陽江頭猶抱琵琶的歌女，普通的山嶺和村寨，尋常的坡屋外形和裸木肌理，簡陋縫隙間展露出星星點點光鮮的馬腳和沖突，銅、玻璃與淺色木，虛實間埋下敘事的伏筆。視線從對外觀的猜測滑向室內(nèi)后是氛圍瞬變的小驚喜和意料之中的小得意，淺而暖的木料和漆白點點勾畫著北歐式的簡潔，畫風(fēng)殷實厚重的夯土將輕飄飄的室內(nèi)氛圍拉回了地面，用滄桑堅硬的材料感為新建造的空間強(qiáng)行加入了新舊對話式的設(shè)計語言。暗啞的色彩突出空間的層次感和大玻璃所創(chuàng)造出的光影和透明性，橫向的材料肌理強(qiáng)化視線的導(dǎo)向和張力，凹凸的漫反射打破光滑的木料和石膏的平面性，突出空間的質(zhì)感，同時運(yùn)用夯土表面充滿隨機(jī)性的雜亂刻痕為溫順的室內(nèi)增添了一些自然平衡的乖戾性格。

4 現(xiàn)有的馬廄由兩部分組成/The existing stable consists of two parts

5 居住空間正中設(shè)置有夯土壁爐/Rammed earth stoves in the center of the living space

6 剖面/Section

7-9 從廚房看向居住空間/Views from the kitchen to the living room and back

Comments

LI Ye:It is a difficult task to add rammed earth walls into a timber-structure house. Three levels of rammed earth walls must strictly align to each other, so as to transfer the pressure down to the ground. Therefore, we suppose a status where additional rammed earth walls only exist in "limited zones", which in some sense can be regarded as furniture to the house. It is a key part of the layout to have the rammed earth fireplace in the center of the house. As we know, rammed earth has the characteristics of heat storage; therefore, the heat generated from the fireplace would not leave the house very quickly. It would need to go through the rammed earth materials and slowly get released into the rooms to save energy. This thermal mass of the massive walls mentioned here comes from Martin's developed construction technique which integrates water heating coils into rammed earth. It is in many ways a beneficial attempt for the techniques of rammed earth. (Translated by WANG Xinxin)

SHEN Kangyi:Like the alma holding a Chinese lute in a boat on a river of Tang Dynasty, the Stable Plazza Pintgia exerts its normal surrounding context, worn wood facade and loomed reborn clues including polished copper, glass and light wood as partly exposed textures to set a low-pitched stage for the vividly portrayed story. The view drifting from the exterior to the interior is an emotional process of little surprise due to a sudden changed atmosphere and little complacency for the success of predicting spatial tricks. The Nordic concise style is obvious with the dominance of light warm wood structure and white flat wall and ceiling, while thick, solid and textured earth wall, using its tough materiality to create a specious old-new dialogue in design language, pulls the airy interior atmosphere back to the ground. Its dark color highlights the spatial hierarchy, shadow and transparency created by large windows; its horizontal pattern strengthens the guidance and stress of sight line; the concave and convex diffuse of its surface break the spatial flatness created by the smooth wood and plaster, which emphasizes the sense of material and adds a balanced grumpy character for the tame wood house.

項目信息/Credits and Data

建筑設(shè)計/Architects: 古然與帕利建筑事務(wù)所/gujan + pally architekten (Curaglia/Igis, Switzerland)

客戶/Client: 私人/Private

結(jié)構(gòu)工程/Structural engineer: Plácido Pérez Bauingenieure (Bonaduz, Switzerland)

建筑面積/Floor area: 428m2

夯土/Rammed earth: 59m2, 70t

建造周期/Construction phase: 2010

攝影/Photos: Ralph Feiner (fig.1,4,5,7-9), Lehm Ton Erde Baukunst GmbH (fig.2)

Stable Plazza Pintgia, Almens, Switzerland, 2010

Architects: gujan + pally architekten