利口樂草藥中心，勞芬，瑞士

建筑設計：赫爾佐格與德梅隆事務所

利口樂草藥中心，勞芬，瑞士

建筑設計：赫爾佐格與德梅隆事務所

1 草藥中心坐落在農業園中/The Kr?uterzentrum is situated in a agricultural area

2 總平面/Site plan

建筑和景觀

新的草藥中心，像是一塊奇特的砂礫，處在裝點著傳統工業建筑的田野中。它狹長的形式呼應著田間小徑和籬笆，這樣的景觀是該區域長久以來最顯著的特征。建筑的長度也反映了草藥加工過程的多個步驟：從烘干、切割、攪拌到儲藏。這座新的加工廠讓利口樂公司得以將這些重要步驟納入公司內部的生產線。

作為景觀的建筑

草藥中心基本都是用當地土壤建造的；它就像是景觀的幾何化片段，而激進的材料選擇又強化了它的尺度和古樸效果。草藥和土壤定義了這座功能明確、特征鮮明的廠房，追隨著利口樂公司其他建筑的腳步：1987年的全自動倉儲建筑；1993年位于米盧斯-布倫斯塔特的生產及裝配建筑，采用絲網印刷立面；1999年位于勞芬的市場營銷總部，采用了玻璃幕墻。這些建筑不僅凝聚著利口樂公司獨特的企業哲學和對環境保護的投入，而且都對所在場所做出了杰出的貢獻。

建筑立面上的貨物入口和倉儲部分都是整體性的，夯土墻在室內也可以看到。預制夯土構件是在附近的工廠用當地采石場及礦山中開采的原料制作的。當地開采的粘土、泥灰和其他材料混合在一起，夯實成砌塊，然后再堆疊形成墻壁。由于土壤的可塑性，我們可以將縫隙重新潤飾，使建筑獲得統一而整體的形象。為了防止風雨的腐蝕，我們將一種由火山灰和石灰混合而成的火山土以1:8的比例調配入預制夯土構件。大幅圓形窗戶為室內帶來充足采光。立面是自承重的，與室內的承重混凝土框架相連。

能源和可持續性

能源和可持續性并不是簡單的技術輔助而已，它們是建筑形式和項目核心特征的一部分。土壤作為一種可調節濕度的材料，對于能源使用和整體氣候控制有著積極、可持續性的影響。屋頂上的光電板以及對附近生產車間冗余熱量的使用，也能夠改進草藥中心的生態平衡。□（黃華青 譯）

項目信息/Credits and Data

建筑設計/Architects: 赫爾佐格與德梅隆事務所/Herzog & de Meuron (Basel, Switzerland)

合伙人/Partners: Jacques Herzog, Pierre de Meuron, Stefan Marbach (責任合伙人/Partner in Charge)

客戶/Client: 利口樂股份有限公司/Ricola AG (Laufen, Switzerland)

設計團隊/Project Team: Michael Fischer (項目負責人/Project Director), Nina Renner (項目經理/Project Manager), Zdeněk Chmel, Wolfgang Hardt, Harald Schmidt, Hendrik Steinigeweg, Luca Ugolini, Freya Winkelmann

夯土團隊/Project team rammed earth: Martin Rauch (項目負責人/Project Director), Thomas Honermann (項目經理/Project Manager), Hanno Burtscher (場地管理/Site Manager)

結構工程/Structural Engineer: Schnetzer Puskas (Basel, Switzerland)

建筑面積/Floor Area: 4800m2

夯土/Rammed Earth: 3060m2, 2935t

建造周期/Construction Phase: 2012-2014

攝影/Photos: Benedikt Redmann (fig.1,3,6), Markus Bühler-Rasom (fig.8-11,14)線圖/Plans: Herzog & de Meuron(Basel,Switzerland)

3 外景/Exterior view

4 平面/Floor plan

5 剖面/Section

6 每個立面均設有一個直徑5.5m的圓形窗/Each facade has only one rounded window with a diameter of 5.5m

Architecture and Landscape

The new Kr?uterzentrum (Herb Center) is situated like an erratic block in the midst of a landscape dotted with conventional industrial buildings. Its elongated shape echoes the pathways and the hedges that have long been a distinctive feature of this area. The length of the building also reflects the steps involved in the industrial processing of herbs, from drying and cutting to blending and storing. The new processing plant enables Ricola to integrate these important steps into the company's own in-house production.

Architecture as Landscape

The Kr?uterzentrum is built largely out of locally sourced earth; it is like a geometrical segment of landscape with its dimensions and archaic effect heightened by the radical choice of material. Herbs and earth define the purpose-built, distinctive character of the center, following in the footsteps of Ricola's other buildings: the fully automated storage building of 1987, the packaging and distribution building of 1993 in Mulhouse-Brunstatt with its screen-print fa?ade, and the glazed marketing headquarters of 1999 in Laufen. These buildings not only embody Ricola's exceptional philosophy and commitment to the environment, they each make a striking contribution to their locations.

The delivery entrance and warehouse sections of the herb center's fa?ade are monolithic, with the loam walls visible in the interior as well. The prefabricated earth elements are manufactured in a nearby factory out of ingredients extracted from local quarries and mines. Clay, marl and material excavated on site are mixed and compacted in a formwork and then layered in blocks to build the walls. Thanks to the plasticity of the loam, the seams can be retouched, giving the overall structure a homogeneous appearance. To arrest erosion caused by wind and rain, a trass mortar achieved by mixing volcanic tuff (trass) with lime is compacted every 8 layers of earth directly in the formwork. Large round windows illuminate the rooms. The fa?ade is self-supporting and simply linked to the concrete loadbearing structure of the interior.

Energy and Sustainability

Energy and sustainability are not simply treated as technical auxiliaries; they are built into the architecture and essential features of the project as a whole. Earth as a material that regulates humidity has a positive, sustainable effect on the use of energy and overall climate control. Photovoltaic modules on the roof and the use of waste heat from the production center nearby also contribute to improving the ecological balance of the Kr?uterzentrum.□

8 預制構件的生產線示意/Production line of the prefabricated rammed earth elements

9 現場安裝/Installation on site

10.11 現場安裝/Installation on site

12 窗口剖面/Section of window

13 構造細部/Structural features

評論

穆鈞：手工化作業具有的高人力投入和精確性局限，是常規夯土技術實現工業化應用所面臨的核心挑戰。在此背景下，馬丁·勞奇開創性地將傳統夯土工藝引入現代預制墻體施工體系。在基地附近的臨時工廠內，利用自行研發的自動化機具系統，可一次性高速且高質地夯筑近80m的夯土墻體，并根據在建筑中不同的位置需要，預埋構造并切割成相應長度和連接倒角的夯土單元。經過至少4 - 6周的陰干后，夯土單元即可運至施工現場，如其他類型的預制墻體一樣，可自如地進行吊裝砌筑，并與主體框架結構進行連接。利口樂草藥中心所采用的預制化夯土技術，有效地規避了傳統夯土在干燥收縮、施工效率、工藝精度等方面的相對不足，更從根本上顛覆了人們對于夯土應用局限性的傳統認知。

李燁：這個項目具有里程碑式的意義。以這個項目為契機馬丁設計了可以半自動配料夯筑的夯土機器人，幾千年的夯土工藝從傳統的人工夯土從此進入到半機械化時代。

整個建筑是混凝土框架結構，夯土在這里作為脫離結構框架并且自承重的表皮出現。為了節省高昂的人工費用和減少運輸污染，馬丁在項目地周邊建了夯土工廠，利用機器人預制夯土模塊，并設計了一體化的生產流程。最終夯土建筑呈現出令人贊嘆的效果，使一個巨大的建筑物在廣闊的田野中毫不突兀，安靜自然的與環境融為一體。

14 內景/Interior view

Comments

MU Jun:Manual construction, due to its high input of human labor and low precision, is a critical challenge for industrialized application of conventional rammed-earth technology. In this regard, Martin Rauch ingeniously introduced traditional rammed-earth technique into the modern prefabricated wall construction system. In a temporary factory near the site, self-developed automated machine system can quickly build up high quality rammed-earth walls up to 80m in a single process. In addition, depending on the requirements of different locations of the building, tectonic elements can be embedded, and rammed-earth units can be cut into required lengths and connection chamfering. After at least 4-6 weeks of shaded drying, rammed-earth units will be shipped to the construction site, and, just like any other prefabricated walls, can be freely hoisted and laid up, then connected to the main structural framework. The prefabricated rammed-earth technology used in Ricola Kr?uterzentrum has effectively avoided the shortcomings of traditional rammed earth with regard to drying and shrinkage, construction efficiency, and technique precision, which has fundamentally changed the conventional understanding of the application constraints of rammed earth. (Translated by SHANG Jin)

LI Ye:This project is a milestone of its kind. Taking this project as an opportunity, Martin designed a robot to automatically distribute the earth compound and semi-mechanically compact it. Thus rammed-earth techniques of traditional manual work for thousands of years have been replaced mostly by machines.

The structure of the building is concrete-frame. Rammed earth plays a role as self-supporting skin that is almost independent from the frames, just connected with some friction-fit brackets. In order to save expensive costs and reduce polluting transportation, Martin built a factory for rammed earth close to the project site. He used robotic production line to make pre-fabricated rammed earth modules, and also designed an integrated procedure including transportation and on-site assembly. The finished building had a very amazing effect - the massive construction appeared not in the least abrupt, but peacefully merged into the nature and the environment. (Translated by WANG Xinxin)

Ricola Kr?uterzentrum (Herb Center), Laufen, Switzerland, 2014

Architects: Herzog & de Meuron