唐玥璐 白 浩 尹園園
(重慶市腫瘤研究所/醫(yī)院/癌癥中心,沙坪壩400030)
賽妥珠單抗治療類風濕性關節(jié)炎療效及不良反應的薈萃分析
唐玥璐 白 浩 尹園園①
(重慶市腫瘤研究所/醫(yī)院/癌癥中心,沙坪壩400030)
目的:探究賽妥珠單抗治療類風濕性關節(jié)炎的有效性及安全性。方法:計算機檢索Pubmed、Medline、Embase、The Cochrane Library、萬方數(shù)據(jù)庫(WANFANG)、中國期刊全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(CNKI)、中國生物醫(yī)學文獻數(shù)據(jù)庫中關于賽妥珠單抗與安慰劑治療類風濕性關節(jié)炎的隨機對照研究(Randomized controlled trials,RCTs),檢索時限均為建庫至2015年3月。采用RevMan5.3軟件進行統(tǒng)計分析。結果:共納入10篇文獻、8項研究,納入文獻質量均較高,本meta分析結果顯示CZP在改善類風濕患者病情的療效(ACR20、ACR50、ACR70),關節(jié)疾病活動性評分,患者對疾病活動性評價指標(HAQ-DI、關節(jié)疼痛、疲勞)方面優(yōu)于安慰劑組。在輕度、中度、重度不良反應方面兩組差異無統(tǒng)計學意義,CZP并未增加不良反應的發(fā)生率。結論:CZP能減緩患者關節(jié)炎癥進展,改善患者關節(jié)功能,提高患者生活質量,短期安全性較高,CZP長期療效及安全性有待于進一步研究證實。
類風濕,關節(jié)炎;賽妥珠;安慰劑;meta分析
類風濕性關節(jié)炎(Rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是一種病因不明的、以關節(jié)滑膜炎為特征的自身免疫性疾病,其發(fā)病率約為0.3%~0.4%,多見于30~50歲的女性[1]。傳統(tǒng)的改善病情抗風濕藥(Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs,DMARDs)雖能有效緩解滑膜炎癥進展,但仍不能控制部分RA患者病情進展。腫瘤壞死因子α(Tumor nocrosis factor,TNF-α)抑制劑對控制DMARDs治療效果不佳的RA患者病情及改善預后有重要作用[2]。目前應用的比較廣泛的TNF-α抑制劑主要為依那西普(Etanercept)、英夫利昔單抗(Infliximab)、阿達木單抗(Adalimumab),臨床上已證實此3種TNF-α抑制劑能有效減輕RA患者關節(jié)炎癥,改善關節(jié)功能及延緩病情進展[3]。賽妥珠單抗(Certolizumab pegol,CZP)作為一種新型TNF-α抑制劑由聚乙二醇與人源單價體Fab抗體共價結合而形成,其不含F(xiàn)c片段,不能引起抗體依賴細胞介導的細胞毒作用[4]。CZP多聯(lián)合甲氨蝶呤(Methotrexate,MTX)治療RA患者,對于不能耐受DMARDs的患者,則單用CZP治療。目前臨床上已有很多研究對CZP在RA中的有效性和安全性作了評估,本研究擬用meta分析的方法綜合目前發(fā)表的研究成果,評估CZP治療RA的有效性和安全性,為DMARDs治療無效的RA患者的臨床治療提供指導。
1.1 納入和排除標準 (1)研究類型:隨機對照研究;(2)納入對象:18歲以上被確診為RA的患者;(3)干預措施:CZP聯(lián)合或不聯(lián)合MTX與安慰劑治療RA;(4)評價治療:美國風濕病學會(ACR)制定的RA緩解標準,ACR20(療效緩解20%),ACR50,ACR70,以紅細胞沉降率(ESR)為基礎的28 個關節(jié)疾病活動性評分(DAS-28),健康評估問卷功能障礙指數(shù)(HAQ-DI),關節(jié)疼痛,疲勞評定,不良反應等,對不滿足以上標準的研究予以排除。
1.2 檢索策略 計算機檢索Pubmed、Embase、The Cochrane Library、Medline、萬方數(shù)據(jù)庫(WANFA-NG)、中國生物醫(yī)學文獻數(shù)據(jù)庫、中國期刊全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(CNKI)中關于CZP治療RA的隨機對照研究(RCT),檢索時限均為建庫至2015年3月,檢索中文檢索詞為“賽妥珠”、“類風濕”,英文檢索詞為“Certolizumab pegol OR CZP”,“rheumatoid arthritis OR RA”,檢索語言限定為英文和中文。
1.3 文獻篩選及質量評價 由兩名研究者獨立按納入和排除標準對文獻進行篩選,如遇分歧則通過討論解決或第三者決定,缺失的資料通過聯(lián)系研究的作者加以完善。納入的所有RCT研究采用Jadad評分量表進行文獻質量評價,標準包括:(1)隨機序列的產(chǎn)生;(2)隨機化隱藏;(3)盲法的實施;(4)撤出及退出的理由等4個方面。大于3分則認為是高質量文獻。
1.4 數(shù)據(jù)提取及統(tǒng)計分析 提取納入文獻的一般信息如作者、發(fā)表時間,納入對象的基線資料如性別、年齡、干預措施,統(tǒng)計指標如ACR20、不良反應等數(shù)據(jù)。應用Cochrane協(xié)作網(wǎng)提供的RevMan5.3軟件進行統(tǒng)計分析,計量資料如DAS-28(ESR)評分采用加權均數(shù)差(WMD)及其95%置信區(qū)間(CI)進行評估,計數(shù)資料如ACR20、ACR50、ACR70等采用風險比(RR)及其95%置信區(qū)間(CI)進行評估。研究間的異質性采用χ2檢驗(以P= 0.1為異質性閾值)和I2檢驗(以I2=50%為異質性閾值),若各研究存在異質性,采用隨機效應模型,并對其異質性來源進行分析,反之則采用固定效應模型。納入研究數(shù)據(jù)信息不全時,本研究只作描述性分析。
2.1 檢索結果 初步檢索有關英文文獻250篇,未檢索到相關中文文獻,經(jīng)全面篩查后最終納入10篇文獻[5-14],8項研究,其中Strand等[10]和Smolen等[11]為同一研究,Strand等[13]和Keystone等[14]為同一研究,因以上文獻采用的結局指標不同,故4篇文獻均可納入。共納入3 621名RA患者,除4篇文獻外[5,8,9,12],其余均采用200 mg和400 mg不同劑量的CZP治療RA患者,3篇文獻[5,9,12]單用CZP未聯(lián)合MTX治療RA患者,納入文獻均屬高質量文獻,納入文獻基本特征見表1。
2.2 meta分析結果
2.2.1 療效評估 200 mg CZP、400 mg CZP與安慰劑相比,12、16、24周在ACR20方面差異均具有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),詳見表2;12、16、24周在ACR50方面差異均具有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),詳見表3;除1篇文獻外[6],其余文獻均顯示200 mg CZP、400 mg CZP與安慰劑相比,12周、24周在ACR70方面差異均具有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),詳見表4。
2.2.2 DAS-28(ESR)與基線資料變化評估 200 mg CZP、400 mg CZP與安慰劑相比,12、16、24、52周在DAS-28(ESR)變化值方面差異均具有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),詳見表5。
2.2.3 患者對疾病活動性評價指標 200 mg CZP、400 mg CZP與安慰劑相比,24、52周在RA患者HAQ-DI改善達到最小臨床意義變化值(MCIDs)的患者數(shù)量方面差異均具有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),詳見表6。除Furst等[6]研究外,其余文獻均顯示200 mg CZP、400 mg CZP與安慰劑相比, 24、52周在RA患者關節(jié)疼痛改善達到最小臨床意義變化值(MCIDs)的患者數(shù)量方面差異均具有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),詳見表7。除Furst等[6]研究外,其余文獻均顯示200 mg CZP、400 mg CZP與安慰劑相比, 24、52周在RA患者疲勞改善達到最小臨床意義變化值(MCIDs)的患者數(shù)量方面差異均具有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),詳見表8。
2.2.4 安全性評價 200 mg CZP、400 mg CZP與安慰劑在輕度、中度及重度不良反應發(fā)生率方面差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),詳見表9。
表1 納入文獻基本特征
Tab.1 Basic characteristics of included literature

IncludedliteratureGroupsNumberAge(years)Male/FemaleCourse(years)Follow?uptimeStatisticalindicatorsJadadscoreKeystone2008CZP200mg+MTX393514±11669/32461±4224weeks,52weeksACR20,ACR50,ACR70,DAS?28,Adversereactions5CZP400mg+MTX390524±11764/32662±44Placebo+MTX199522±11232/16762±44Smolen2009CZP200mg+MTX246522±11140/20661±4124weeksACR20,ACR50,ACR70,DAS?28,Adversereactions,HAQ?DI4CZP400mg+MTX246519±11854/19265±43Placebo+MTX127515±11820/10756±39Fleischmann2009CZP400mg111527±12724/8787±8224weeksACR20,ACR50,ACR70,DAS?28,Adversereactions,HAQ?DI,Jointpain4Placebo109549±11612/97104±96Strand2009CZP200mg+MTX393524±11769/32461±4224weeks,52weeksHAQ?DI,Jointpain,fatigue5CZP400mg+MTX390514±11664/32662±44Placebo+MTX199522±11232/16762±44Strand2011CZP200mg+MTX246519±11840/20661±4124weeksHAQ?DI,Jointpain,fatigue4CZP400mg+MTX246522±11154/19265±43Placebo+MTX127515±11820/10756±39Weinblatt2012CZP400mg851554±124191/66086±8812weeksACR20,ACR50,ACR70,DAS?28,Adversereactions4Placebo212539±12743/16989±91Yamamoto2014CZP200mg+MTX82554±10313/6956±4212weeks,24weeksACR20,ACR50,ACR70,Adversereactions5CZP400mg+MTX85506±11416/6960±39Placebo+MTX77519±11111/6658±41Smolen2015CZP400mg96536±11915/8145±3524weeksACR20,ACR50,ACR70,Adversereactions5Placebo98540±12423/7547±33Schiff2014CZP400mg+MTX60561Notmentioned1212weeksACR20,ACR50,ACR704Placebo+MTX30590Notmentioned14Furst2015CZP200mg+MTX70556±10721/4959±4216weeksACR20,ACR50,ACR70,fatigue5CZP400mg+MTX70531±13812/5864±47Placebo+MTX69515±13213/5665±46
表2 類風濕性關節(jié)炎患者ACR20系統(tǒng)評價結果
Tab.2 Systematic review of ACR20 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

StatisticalindicatorsNumberofincludedliteraturesCZPnNPlacebonNHeterogeneitytestPI2StatisticalmodelCombinedeffectRR(95%CI)P200mgCZP12weeks1[7]63822277Random269(185,390)<00000116weeks1[6]47703169Random149(110,203)=00124weeks3[7,11,14]4327215740300664%Random425(278,648)<000001400mgCZP12weeks3[7?9]5389697731900470%Random250(151,415)0000416weeks1[6]45693169Random145(106,199)=00224weeks5[5,7,11,12,14]5269288261000461%Random394(278,558)<000001
表3 類風濕性關節(jié)炎患者ACR50系統(tǒng)評價結果
Tab.3 Systematic review of ACR50 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

StatisticalindicatorsNumberofincludedliteraturesCZPnNPlacebonNHeterogeneitytestPI2StatisticalmodelCombinedeffectRR(95%CI)P200mgCZP12weeks1[7]3482677Random532(237,1196)<0000116weeks1[6]35702169Random164(107,252)=00224weeks3[7,11,14]2717213240300958%Random491(279,861)<000001400mgCZP12weeks3[7?9]2819692731900958%Random425(191,945)0000416weeks1[6]36692169Random171(112,261)=00124weeks5[5,7,11,12,14]3439285161000363%Random436(269,709)<000001
表4 類風濕性關節(jié)炎患者ACR70系統(tǒng)評價結果
Tab.4 Systematic review of ACR70 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

StatisticalindicatorsNumberofincludedliteraturesCZPnNPlacebonNHeterogeneitytestPI2StatisticalmodelCombinedeffectRR(95%CI)P200mgCZP12weeks1[7]1782077Random3289(201,53770)=00116weeks1[6]21701169Random188(098,360)=00624weeks3[7,11,14]14772184030390%Random1030(515,2059)<000001400mgCZP12weeks3[7?9]134996631902724%Fixed620(303,1271)<00000116weeks1[6]26691169Random236(127,440)=000724weeks5[5,7,11,12,14]147928116100420%Fixed812(448,1473)<000001
表5 類風濕關節(jié)炎患者DAS-28(ESR)變化值系統(tǒng)評價結果
Tab.5 Systematic review of DAS-28(ESR) changein patients with rheumatoid arthritis

StatisticalindicatorsNumberofincludedliteraturesCZPNPlaceboNHeterogeneitytestPI2StatisticalmodelCombinedeffectMD(95%CI)P200mgCZP16weeks1[6]7069Random-088(-134,-042)=0000224weeks1[11]246127Random-177(-202,-152)<00000152weeks1[14]393199Random-090(-112,-068)<000001400mgCZP12weeks1[9]851212Random-094(-150,-038)=000116weeks1[6]6969Random-112(-158,-066)<00000124weeks2[11,12]3572360000492%Random-146(-249,-042)=000652weeks1[14]390199Random-100(-123,-077)<000001
表6 類風濕關節(jié)炎患者HAQ-DI系統(tǒng)評價結果
Tab.6 Systematic review of HAQ-DI in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

StatisticalindicatorsNumberofincludedliteraturesCZPnNPlacebonNHeterogeneitytestPI2StatisticalmodelCombinedeffectMD(95%CI)P200mgCZP24weeks2[11,13]344639393260490%Fixed450(332,609)<00000152weeks1[13]18439325199Random373(255,546)<000001400mgCZP24weeks3[11?13]399747524350910%Fixed444(340,579)<00000152weeks1[13]19739025190Random384(263,560)<000001
表7 類風濕關節(jié)炎患者關節(jié)疼痛評價
Tab.7 Systematic review of joint pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

StatisticalindicatorsNumberofincludedliteraturesCZPnNPlacebonNHeterogeneitytestPI2StatisticalmodelCombinedeffectMD(95%CI)P200mgCZP16weeks1[6]44703469Random128(095,172)=01124weeks2[10,13]3506394332602331%Fixed418(290,604)<00000152weeks1[13]20439328199Random369(258,527)<000001400mgCZP16weeks1[6]40693469Random118(086,161)=03124weeks3[10,12,13]4317476243500860%Random390(262,580)<00000152weeks1[13]21139028199Random385(270,549)<000001
表8 類風濕關節(jié)炎患者疲勞評定系統(tǒng)評價
Tab.8 Systematic review of fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

StatisticalindicatorsNumberofincludedliteraturesCZPnNPlacebonNHeterogeneitytestPI2StatisticalmodelCombinedeffectMD(95%CI)P200mgCZP16weeks1[6]46703269Random142(104,192)=00324weeks2[10,13]3556394532600672%Random428(237,773)<00000152weeks1[13]19239325199Random389(266,569)<000001400mgCZP16weeks1[6]40693269Random125(090,173)=01824weeks3[10,12,13]4077476443501056%Random361(248,527)<00000152weeks1[13]19039025199Random388(265,567)<000001
表9 類風濕關節(jié)炎患者不良反應系統(tǒng)評價
Tab.9 Systematic review of adverse reactions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

StatisticalindicatorsNumberofincludedliteraturesCZPnNPlacebonNHeterogeneitytestPI2StatisticalmodelCombinedeffectMD(95%CI)P200mgCZPMildadversereactions3[7,11,14]229722172401<00000196%Random087(039,195)=074200mgCZPModerateadverseeffects3[7,11,14]1387221214010000686%Random068(037,125)=021200mgCZPSevereadversereactions4[6,7,11,14]347922047000270%Random129(035,482)=070400mgCZPMildadversereactions5[7,9,11,12,14]5271677270719<00000192%Random094(060,148)=080400mgCZPModerateadverseeffects5[7,9,11,12,14]4571677225719<00000190%Random089(056,142)=064400mgCZPSevereadversereactions6[6,7,9,11,12,14]10617464678801637%Fixed093(056,155)=079
TNF-α是一種重要的免疫調節(jié)細胞因子,RA患者關節(jié)腔中的高水平TNF-α在關節(jié)滑膜炎性病變及軟骨基質降解中有重要作用,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)滑膜液中異常高水平的TNF-α在RA的發(fā)病中可能起主導作用[15]。賽妥珠單抗是一種新型TNF-α抑制劑,臨床已廣泛應用于治療克羅恩病(CD)[16]。本meta分析結果顯示200 mg CZP和400 mg CZP在改善類風濕患者病情的療效(ACR20、ACR50、ACR70),關節(jié)疾病活動性評分,患者對疾病活動性評價指標(HAQ-DI、關節(jié)疼痛、疲勞)方面優(yōu)于安慰劑組。在輕度、中度、重度不良反應方面兩者差異無統(tǒng)計學意義,CZP并未增加不良反應的發(fā)生率。
已有meta分析[17]顯示依那西普、英夫利昔單抗、阿達木單抗治療RA的臨床效應,此三類TNF-α抑制劑均含有Fc片段,而CZP為不含F(xiàn)c片段的TNF-α抑制劑,CZP對RA患者的治療效應說明了Fc片段可能不是TNF-α抑制劑治療RA的必要組成部分。在12、24周時,CZP組患者療效評價指標ACR20、ACR50、ACR70均優(yōu)于安慰劑組,200 mg CZP組和400 mg CZP組DAS-28(ESR)變化值、病人對活動性評價指標均優(yōu)于安慰劑組,這均說明了CZP能有效緩解類風濕患者關節(jié)炎癥進展,減輕患者癥狀,改善關節(jié)功能,提高患者的生活質量。Furst等[6]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在16周時CZP組與安慰劑組RA患者ACR70、疼痛及疲勞評價結果差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義。這主要因為其研究納入的對象在分組前均有16周的CZP藥物服用史,故其CZP的治療效果不如其他文獻報道的明顯。本研究顯示CZP組和安慰劑組在短期不良反應發(fā)生率上差異無統(tǒng)計學意義,這說明了CZP短期安全性較高。Bykerk等[18]對采用CZP治療的4049例RA患者進行了7.6年的隨訪調查,發(fā)現(xiàn)CZP長期不良反應發(fā)生率與安慰劑組差異無統(tǒng)計學意義。CZP長期的安全性有待于更多的、更長隨訪時間的研究加以驗證。
然而本meta分析仍有一定的局限性:(1)納入研究間異質性較高,會對meta分析的結果產(chǎn)生影響,經(jīng)分析異質性主要來源于CZP劑量的不同,隨訪時間不同,是否聯(lián)合使用MTX等;(2)納入研究隨訪時間較短,最長隨訪時間為52周,CZP長期的療效和安全性有待于進一步研究;(3)部分結局指標由于數(shù)據(jù)不足無法進行meta分析,如簡化疾病活動指數(shù)(SADI)等。
綜上所述,本meta分析結果顯示CZP單用或聯(lián)合應用MTX可以作為治療類風濕性關節(jié)炎的方式之一,具有較高的有效性和安全性。鑒于本meta的局限性,建議進一步開展高質量、長時間隨訪的隨機對照研究,加強對CZP長期療效和安全性的評估,為RA的臨床治療提供指導。
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[收稿2016-07-24 修回2016-10-10]
(編輯 張曉舟)
歡迎訂閱和投稿《中國免疫學雜志》
Efficacy and safety of Certolizumab pegol in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis:a meta-analysis
TANGYue-Lu,BAIHao,YINYuan-Yuan.
ChongqingCancerInstitute&Hospital&CancerCenter,Shapingba400300,China
Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of Certolizumab pegol in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Methods: Such databases as Pubmed,Medline,Embase,The Cochrane Library,WANFANG,CNKI,Science,CBM and VIP were searched from their establishment to March 2015 for collecting the randomized controlled trials comparing Certolizumab pegol and placebo in the treatment of RA.The meta-analysis was undertaken using RevMan5.3 for Windows.Results: Ten publications and eight researches met the inclusion criteria with high quality.The results revealed CZP significantly improved the ACR20,ACR50,ACR70 response rates,and physical function.CZP was associated with a statistically significant reduction in Disease Activity Score in 28 joints-Erythrocyte sedimentation rate,arthritis pain,and fatigue.There were no significant differences of incidence of treatment-related adverse events between CZP group and placebo group.Conclusion: CZP significantly reduced the RA signs and symptoms,improved physical function and life quality as compared with the placebo in the treatment of RA.More large-scale RCTs are needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of CZP in the treatment of RA.
Rheumatoid,Arthritis;Certolizumab pegol;Placebo;meta-analysis
10.3969/j.issn.1000-484X.2017.02.013
唐玥璐(1988年-),女,藥師,主要從事免疫抑制劑在腫瘤及自身免疫性疾病中的應用研究。
R979.5
A
1000-484X(2017)02-0226-07
①通訊作者,E-mail:775059475@qq.com。