深空通信新型射頻技術

胡赟鵬++沈彩耀++沈智翔++張德偉++屠振

摘 要：深空通信射頻技術是深空通信關鍵技術之一，該課題圍繞我國未來深空探測任務的需求，重點突破適應深空通信需求的低噪聲溫度射頻前端設計與多天線組陣增強系統相關關鍵技術，實現深空探測數據回傳的高效可靠接收。課題設計完成低噪聲溫度射頻前端，X/Ka頻段等效噪聲溫度達到25 K/50 K以下。突破HEMT晶體管低溫建模關鍵技術，實現低溫器件參數的高精度提取。針對超導濾波器的關鍵工藝技術，以及超導濾波器運用軟件精確設計展開研究。提出了支持現有天線以任意形態組陣的全新多天線信號增強處理結構，同時設計研制了多天線信號合成樣機及試驗驗證系統。該結構可充分利用現有的接收天線和接收機，適用于非均勻組陣下各種調制方式、不同調制參數信號的無數據輔助合成，實現了對信號的盲處理。區別于傳統的僅利用固定參考信號實現信號間的時延估計方法，提出了一種基于準合成輸出信號作為參考時延對準算法，提高參考信號的信噪比，時延估計性能在低信噪比條件下其估計性能改善更為明顯。提出并實現了一種不依賴于單路信號信噪比計算的多天線信號合成權值盲估計算法，該算法無需任何信號先驗信息和定時同步，解決了信號最大比合并中權值估計的通用性問題。針對通信信號特點，研究了多天線信號多層次聯合處理結構，同時實現了符號檢測與同步的聯合處理，以及各路信號間的聯合同步與聯合符號檢測。在多路極低信噪比條件下，與傳統合成結構的相比能夠進一步提升處理增益。課題所取得成果對拓展更遠距離的深空探測，實現極低信噪比條件下，大容量回傳數據的可靠接收具有十分重要的意義。針對我國深空探測發展的需求，該課題通過關鍵技術突破與創新有效提升深空數據傳輸能力，為我國未來深空科學技術與工程實施提供有力支撐，推動我國空間科學與應用的原創性發展。

關鍵詞：深空通信 低噪聲溫度射頻前端 多天線信號合成

Abstract： Deep space communication radio frequency （RF） technology is one of the key technologies for deep space communication. Around the needs of the deep space exploration， this subject has made a significant breakthrough in key areas of low noise temperature RF front-end design as well as multiple antenna arraying techniques to meet the needs of high reliable and efficient data transmission in deep space communication. This project developed a low noise temperature RF front-end with X/Ka band equivalent noise temperature reached 25 K/50 K. It made breakthrough in the key technology of modeling HEMT transistor in low temperature， and also realized the high-precision extraction of low temperature parameters. Superconducting filter on the key technology and using software accurate designing are specially researched. Besides， this project proposed a new multiple-antenna signal enhancement processing structure， which supports the existing antenna array in arbitrary form， and designed multiple antennas combining prototype and test system. This structure is suitable for non-uniform group array under various signal modulation mode， different modulation parameters. This project proposed a new time delay alignment algorithm using quasi combined signal as the reference， which improve the signal-to-noise ratio（SNR） of the reference signal， thus improve the time delay estimation performance. This project proposed a new weights estimation method， which is independent on single channel signal SNR calculation and does not need any priori information and timing synchronization. For the characteristics of communication signals， this project studied multi-antenna multi-level joint processing structure， achieving joint symbol detection and synchronization， as well as multiple signals joint synchronization and symbol detection. The above cooperative processing structure can achieve parameters estimation from multiple antenna at the same time， which can further enhance the processing gain under low SNR conditions. The above achievements are significant to be expanded to greater distance deep space exploration， achieving high-capacity high reliable data reception under low SNR condition. This project can effectively improve the deep space data transmission ability， which provide strong support for future deep space science， technology and engineering implementation in China.

Key Words： Deep space communication； Low noise temperature RF front-end； Multiple-antenna signal combining

閱讀全文鏈接（需實名注冊）：http：//www.nstrs.cn/xiangxiBG.aspx？id=87516&flag=1