多數美國人認為假新聞在制造混亂

來源/ 皮尤研究中心

編譯/ 趙瑜 浙江大學傳媒學院教授

多數美國人認為假新聞在制造混亂

來源/ 皮尤研究中心

編譯/ 趙瑜 浙江大學傳媒學院教授

皮尤研究中心的一項最新調查顯示，大多數美國人懷疑假新聞會產生影響。在三名美國成年人中，大約有三分之二的美國成年人（64%）說編造的新聞故事會對當前的問題和事件的基本事實造成很大的混亂。這種共同感受廣泛地來自于收入、教育水平、黨派背景和其他人口統計學特征的人們中。這些結果來自于2016年12月1日至4日進行的對1002名美國成年人的調查。

美國人普遍對自己識別假新聞的能力很有信心

雖然美國人知道假新聞造成了很大的混亂，但大多數人對自己識別一個幾乎完全是編造的新聞故事的能力有信心。十分之四的人（39%）非常自信，而另外45%的人有點自信。只有9%的人不是特別自信，6%的人完全不自信。

大約三分之一的人說他們經常在網上看到假的政治新聞

近三分之一的美國成年人（32%）說他們經常在網上看到虛假的政治新聞，39%的人說有時候會看到這樣的新聞，26%的人說幾乎沒有看到過或完全沒有看到過。在一個罕見的人口統計學差異的例子中，白人比黑人和拉美裔人更傾向于說他們經常看到假新聞，而那些年薪大于等于75000美元的人比那些年薪不到75000美元的人說看到假新聞的可能性更大。

近四分之一的美國人說他們在網上分享過虛假政治新聞

一些美國人說他們直接通過分享自己的消息來傳播虛假新聞。大約有四分之一的人（23%）說他們曾經分享過這樣的故事，而大約有相同比例的人說他們在知情和不知情的情況下分享了新聞。

社交媒體、政治家和公眾都被呼吁來幫助阻止傳播編造的新聞

如果假消息的傳播是一個問題，那么誰來承擔解決的責任呢？在總統選舉后的一個月，社交網站和搜索引擎已經采取措施來解決這個問題，同時也呼吁政府和公眾本身采取行動。

According to a new survey by Pew Research Center, most Americans suspect that made-up news is having an impact. About two-in-three U.S. adults (64%) say fabricated news stories cause a great deal of confusion about the basic facts of current issues and events. This sense is shared widely across incomes, education levels, partisan affiliations and most other demographic characteristics. These results come from a survey of 1,002 U.S. adults conducted from Dec. 1 to 4, 2016.

Americans generally confident in their ability to identify fake news

Although Americans see fake news as causing a great deal of confusion in general, most are at least somewhat confident in their own ability to identify when a news story is almost completely made up. About four-in-ten (39%) are very confident, while another 45% are somewhat confident. Only 9% are not very confident, and 6% are not at all confident.

About a third say they often see fake political news online

Nearly one-in-three U.S. adults (32%) say they often see fake political news online, while 39% sometimes see such stories and 26% hardly ever or never do. In a rare instance of demographic differences, whites are more likely than blacks and Hispanics to say they often see fake news, and those with annual incomes of at least $75,000 are more likely than those who make less than $75,000 to say so.

Nearly a quarter of Americans say they have shared fake political news online

Some Americans say they have contributed directly to the distribution of fake news by sharing it themselves. About a quarter (23%) say they have ever shared such stories, while roughly equal portions say they have shared made-up news knowingly and unknowingly.

Social media, politicians and the public all called upon to help prevent spread of made-up news

If the spread of fake news is a problem, who bears responsibility for addressing it? In the month since the presidential election, social networking sites and search engines have taken steps to address the issue. And there have been calls for the government and the public itself to take action as well.

Many Americans Believe Fake News Is Sowing Confusion

From：PewResearch Center