賀元秀
湖北
近幾年的全國高考英語閱讀試題中,除了考查學(xué)生的詞匯量之外,還出現(xiàn)了越來越多的長難句理解題。碰到這類試題,有些學(xué)生雖然能夠在原文中找到試題出處,但還是無法準(zhǔn)確無誤地選出答案。那么,應(yīng)該怎樣復(fù)習(xí)備考,提高這類試題的得分率呢?下面首先來分析一下近幾年高考閱讀理解中的長難句題,并依此提出備考此類試題的方法。
一、真題分析
【考例1】Why was Garzas move a success?(2016年全國卷I,B篇25題)
A. It strengthened her family ties.
B. It improved her living conditions.
C. It enabled her to make more friends.
D. It helped her know more new places.
主要答題依據(jù):Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.
分析:本句主干是一個(gè)主謂+復(fù)合賓語的簡單句,隨后帶了一個(gè)V-ing形式作原因狀語(其邏輯主語是the move),這個(gè)原因狀語中又包含一個(gè)隱含虛擬語氣的定語從句。第25題的題干與本句的主干意義一致,所以本題主要考查對(duì)原因狀語的理解。結(jié)合虛擬語氣的用法可知,原因狀語意思是說,搬到一起后,他們之間的關(guān)系更親密了。如果他們不曾搬家,而是住在各自的城市里,他們之間的關(guān)系就不會(huì)比現(xiàn)在更親密。故本題選A。
【考例2】What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s? (2016年全國卷I,B篇27題)
A. They were unsure of themselves.
B. They were eager to raise more children.
C. They wanted to live away from their parents.
D. They had little respect for their grandparents.
主要答題依據(jù): “In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents .
分析:本題主要考查對(duì)引號(hào)中句子的理解。這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)并不復(fù)雜,第一個(gè)分句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu);第二個(gè)分句是省略了主語的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),其后再加far和fast及動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語。本句難就難在考查了一個(gè)特殊的語法結(jié)構(gòu) “cant/couldnt ...enough...”表示“越……越好”,所以引號(hào)中句子的意思是 “在20世紀(jì)60年代我們都有一點(diǎn)瘋狂,為了證明我們可以獨(dú)立,我們認(rèn)為離家越遠(yuǎn)越好,越快越好。” 故本題選C。
【考例3】What made the authors getting up early worthwhile?(2015年全國卷I,B篇25題)
A. Having a swim.
B. Breathing in fresh air.
C. Walking in the morning sun.
D. Visiting a local farmers market.
主要答題依