尹軍軍+丁宇+趙達君
摘 要:從棉農需求的視角,采用新疆13個縣市1 726戶棉農的調查數據,引入Logistic模型對新疆農業技術服務供給的有效性進行實證分析。結果表明:政府性農業技術服務的有效性較非政府性農業技術服務顯著不足;技術培訓與推廣服務的有效性高于技術指導服務;要素稟賦中棉農對農技服務的需求度隨耕地面積的擴大、教育程度提升而顯著增強,但農業技術服務的有效性卻趨于下降;組織傳播和大眾傳播渠道的服務有效性較高。在此基礎上,提出了鼓勵非政府機構提供農技服務、建立棉農服務組織等提升農業技術服務供給有效性的政策建議。
關鍵詞:農業技術服務供給;農技服務有效性;棉農需求;新疆
中圖分類號:F323.3 文獻標識碼:A DOI 編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2017.04.010
Empirical Study on Effectiveness of Agricultural Technology Service based on Logistic Model in Xinjiang
YIN Junjun,DING Yu,ZHAO Dajun
(School of Economy and Trade,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China)
Abstract: Based on the demand of cotton farmers, the paper introduces the Logistic model to analyse the effectiveness of agricultural technology service in Xinjiang. The results showed that the effectiveness of government-based agricultural technical services was significantly less than that of non-governmental agricultural technical services, and the effectiveness of technical training and extension services was higher than that of technical guidance services. And with the expansion of cultivated land area and education level increased, farmers demand for agricultural services enhancd significantly, but the effectiveness of agricultural technology services tended to decline. The service effectiveness of organizational communication and mass communication channel was higher. At last the paper put forward some policy suggestions to enhance the effectiveness of agricultural technical service supply, such as encouraging non-governmental organizations to provide agro-technical services, establishing cotton farmer service organizations, etc.
Key words: agricultural technology service supply; effectiveness of agricultural technology service; cotton farmers' demand; Xinjiang
目前,我國農業技術服務面臨著基層技術推廣體系職能定位不清,基層技術推廣體系不系統,缺乏激勵機制,技術推廣人員能力嚴重偏低,技術推廣方式難以適應農民對各種技術的需求等體制問題[1],同時還存在著服務機構的單一設置與服務需求的多樣化不相適應,服務經費的有限,服務質量、能力、手段的老化陳舊不能滿足服務需求的動態化,供給內容的局限性與需求全程化趨勢不相適應等現實問題[2]。農業技術服務供給的有效性問題已經引起學術界關注。
在農業科技服務的有效性研究方面,越來越多的國外學者認為在農業科技服務的有效性方面,政府無法完全替代市場的作用,可以由政府和非盈利組織直接對農業提供服務,也可以由政府支持私人組織來間接提供市場需要的服務,從而提高農業服務效率[3-4]。……