朱壽東 黃璐琦 郭蘭萍 馬興田 郝慶秀 樂智勇 張小波 楊光 張燕 陳美蘭
[摘要] 冬蟲夏草是我國特有的名貴中藥材,其道地產(chǎn)區(qū)是青藏高原那曲、昌都,青海玉樹等地區(qū)。最近10年,蟲草資源在盲目和過度的采挖中已經(jīng)到達(dá)臨界點,如何加快保護(hù)、發(fā)展和合理利用冬蟲夏草這一寶貴資源,已提到了冬蟲夏草研究和利用的重要議事日程。青藏高原生態(tài)環(huán)境和氣候變化比其他地區(qū)具有超前變化趨勢,這意味著冬蟲夏草種群的分布和演化與其他種群比起來更明顯和劇烈,該文基于RS(remote sensing,遙感)/GIS(geographic information system,地理信息系統(tǒng))技術(shù),利用雪線高程,采收期(4,5月)的平均氣溫,降水量和日照時長等環(huán)境因子和蟲草產(chǎn)量之間的關(guān)系,建立加權(quán)幾何平均模型,在每年的6月上旬預(yù)測當(dāng)年的蟲草產(chǎn)量,經(jīng)過檢驗,該模型的精度可達(dá)82.16%以上。該研究可為蟲草產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康、可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)和信息。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 冬蟲夏草; 遙感; 環(huán)境因子; 加權(quán)幾何平均; 產(chǎn)量預(yù)測
Climate change impacts on yield of Cordyceps sinensis and
research on yield prediction model of C. sinensis
ZHU Shoudong1, HUANG Luqi1*, GUO Lanping1, MA Xingtian2, HAO Qingxiu1,
LE Zhiyong2, ZHANG Xiaobo1, YANG Guang1, ZHANG Yan1, CHEN Meilan1
(1.State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Daodi Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese
Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng 100700, China;
2.Kangmei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China)
[Abstract] Cordyceps sinensis is a Chinese unique precious herbal material, its genuine producing areas covering Naqu, Changdu in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Yushu in Qinghai province and other regions. In recent 10 years, C. sinensis resources is decreasing as a result of the blindly and excessively perennial dug. How to rationally protect, develop and utilize of the valuable resources of C. sinensis has been referred to an important field of research on C. sinensis. The ecological environment and climate change trend of Qinghai Tibet plateau happens prior to other regions, which means that the distribution and evolution of C. sinensis are more obvious and intense than those of the other populations. Based on RS (remote sensing)/GIS(geographic information system) technology, this paper utilized the relationship between the snowline elevation, the average temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours in harvest period (April and may) of C. sinensis and the actual production of C. sinensis to establish a weighted geometric mean model. The model′s prediction accuracy can reach 82.16% at least in forecasting C. sinensis year yield in Naqu area in every early June. This study can provide basic datum and information for supporting the C. sinensis industry healthful, sustainable development.
[Key words] Cordyceps sinensis; remote sensing; environmental factor; weighted geometric mean; yield prediction
目前世界上已知的廣義蟲草屬有500多種,其中冬蟲夏草是我國特有的名貴中藥資源,是由冬蟲夏草菌Cordyceps sinensis(Berk.) Sacc.侵染鱗翅目蝙蝠蛾幼蟲后發(fā)育而成的由子座和菌核組成的菌體。冬草夏草一般生長在海拔3 000 m以上的山地陰坡、半陰坡的灌叢和草甸中,在我國主要分布于青藏高原及邊緣地區(qū)[1],零星分布于境外的尼泊爾、不丹的喜馬拉雅山脈高寒草甸,我國冬蟲夏草的采挖量占世界總采挖量的98%以上[2]。
由于天然冬蟲夏草的生長有嚴(yán)格的寄生性及要求特殊的生態(tài)地理環(huán)境,野生資源十分有限[3]。……